Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 20,769
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Antioxidant

Buriti Flower and Seed Extract

MAURITIA FLEXUOSA FLOWER/SEED EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived antioxidant that helps protect skin from environmental stress while providing mild conditioning benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Emollient

Buriti Fruit Oil

Mauritia Flexuosa Fruit Oil

4.3

A lightweight, antioxidant-rich oil that hydrates and protects skin without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareemollient
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Antioxidant

Buriti Pulp Powder

Mauritia Flexuosa Pulp Powder

4.0

Buriti pulp powder is a gentle, antioxidant-rich ingredient that helps nourish and hydrate skin without irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Emollient

Buriti Seed Oil PEG-8 Esters

MAURITIA FLEXUOSA SEED OIL PEG-8 ESTERS

3.8

A gentle, semi-synthetic emollient derived from buriti seed oil that helps soften and condition skin without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
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Emollient

Buriti Seed Oil Polyglyceryl-6 Esters

Mauritia Flexuosa Seed Oil Polyglyceryl-6 Esters

4.3

A skin-friendly, plant-based emulsifier that hydrates and stabilizes formulas without clogging pores or causing irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Soothing Agent

Burnet Leaf Extract

Poterium Officinale Leaf Extract

3.8

A gentle botanical extract that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical
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Soothing Agent

Burnet Root Extract

POTERIUM SANGUISORBA ROOT EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle botanical root extract with soothing and antioxidant potential, best for sensitive or irritated skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Soothing agent

Burnet Saxifrage Extract

PIMPINELLA SAXIFRAGA EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant and soothing potential, but research is limited and mostly traditional.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Soothing Agent

Burnet Xylem Sap

Sanguisorba Officinalis Xylem Sap

3.8

A gentle, plant-derived sap that may help calm irritated skin and provide antioxidant protection, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing agent
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Soothing agent

Burning Bush Root Extract

Dictamnus albus root extract

3.5

A traditional botanical extract with potential soothing and antioxidant benefits, but limited modern research and a moderate risk of skin irritation for sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Soothing Agent

Bursera Bipinnata Resin Extract

BURSERA BIPINNATA RESIN EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, plant-based resin extract with antioxidant and soothing potential, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing agent
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Emollient

Bursera Graveolens Fruit Oil

BURSERA GRAVEOLENS FRUIT OIL

4.0

A gentle, aromatic oil from the Palo Santo tree that may offer antioxidant benefits and a pleasant scent, but research is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareemollient
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Fragrance

Bursera Graveolens Wood Oil

BURSERA GRAVEOLENS WOOD OIL

3.8

A fragrant wood oil with potential soothing benefits, but limited research and a risk of skin irritation for sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Soothing Agent

Bursera Simaruba Bark Extract

BURSERA SIMARUBA BARK EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle bark extract with antioxidant and soothing potential, though research on its cosmetic benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Fragrance

Bursera Wood Oil

BURSERA FAGAROIDES WOOD OIL

3.5

Bursera Wood Oil adds a woody, balsamic scent to products but has limited research on skincare benefits and may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Antioxidant

Bush Clover Callus Extract

Lespedeza Cuneata Callus Extract

3.8

A gentle, plant-based antioxidant that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Bush Clover Extract

Lespedeza Cyrtobotrya Extract

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research is limited and benefits are not yet well-established in human skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Propellant

Butane

Butane

3.8

Butane is a safe and widely used propellant that helps deliver products like sprays and foams, but it offers no direct skin benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepropellant
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Emollient

Butanediol Bisdecanoate

1,4-BUTANEDIOL BISDECANOATE

4.0

A lightweight, non-greasy emollient that helps products spread smoothly and leaves skin feeling soft without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
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Film Former

Butanediol Dimethacrylate

1,4-BUTANEDIOL DIMETHACRYLATE

2.5

A synthetic crosslinking agent that strengthens nail coatings but may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautynail carefilm former
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Film Former

Butanediol/TMDI/IPDI Copolymer

BIS-POLY(1,4-BUTANEDIOL)-9/TMDI/IPDI COPOLYMER

3.8

A synthetic film former that helps makeup last longer and resist water, but may feel tight or dry on sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarecosmetics
Read ingredient review

Anti-inflammatory

Butcher's Broom Root Extract

Ruscus Aculeatus Root Extract

4.0

A gentle botanical extract that helps reduce puffiness and support skin firmness, especially around the eyes.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Antioxidant

Butea Frondosa Flower Extract

Butea Frondosa Flower Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich flower extract that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Butea Superba Extract

Butea Superba Extract

3.8

A botanical extract with antioxidant potential and traditional use, but modern skincare evidence is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Butea Superba Root Extract

Butea Superba Root Extract

3.8

A plant root extract with traditional use and early research suggesting antioxidant benefits, but clinical skincare evidence is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Butea Superba Root Powder

Butea Superba Root Powder

3.5

A traditional botanical root powder with emerging antioxidant potential, but human skincare studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Butene/Isobutene Copolymer

BUTENE/ISOBUTENE COPOLYMER

3.8

A synthetic polymer that gives cosmetics a smooth, water-resistant finish, but may feel heavy or clog pores for some skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehaircare
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Film Former

Butene/Propylene Copolymer

BUTENE/PROPYLENE COPOLYMER

3.8

A synthetic film-former that helps makeup last longer and resist water, but offers no skincare benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
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Skin-conditioning agent

Butenyl Aminolevulinate HCl

BUTENYL AMINOLEVULINATE HCL

3.5

A synthetic amino acid derivative that may help support skin renewal, but research is still early and it is not a proven active.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareactive
Read ingredient review

Fragrance Ingredient

Butenyl Isoamyloxyacetate

BUTENYL ISOAMYLOXYACETATE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds scent but offers no skincare benefits; generally safe at low levels but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance

Butenyl Phenyl Ketone

3-BUTENYL PHENYL KETONE

3.0

A synthetic fragrance ingredient with limited safety data; best for those who tolerate synthetic fragrances well.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Butenylidene Trimethylcyclohexenone

BUTENYLIDENE-TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEXENONE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance compound that adds a warm, woody scent; generally considered safe at low levels but offers no skincare benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Emollient

Buteth-2 Acetate

BUTETH-2 ACETATE

3.5

A mild synthetic emollient that helps products spread smoothly and leaves skin feeling soft, but offers no active skincare benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Buteth-3

BUTETH-3

3.5

Buteth-3 is a synthetic helper ingredient that blends oil and water, but it may cause mild irritation for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
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Surfactant

Buteth-3 Carboxylic Acid

BUTETH-3 CARBOXYLIC ACID

3.5

A mild synthetic cleanser that helps remove impurities but may cause slight dryness for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarecleansing agent
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Film-Former

Butoxy Chitosan

Butoxy Chitosan

3.8

Butoxy Chitosan is a gentle film-forming ingredient that helps lock in moisture and gives a smooth, plumping feel, but research on its long-term benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
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Hair Conditioner

Butoxy PEG-4 PG-Amodimethicone

Butoxy PEG-4 PG-Amodimethicone

3.8

A gentle silicone that coats hair to reduce tangles and add shine, but may build up over time with infrequent washing.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyhaircareconditioning agent
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Solvent

Butoxydiglycol

Butoxydiglycol

3.5

Butoxydiglycol is a synthetic solvent that helps ingredients blend together, but it can be a mild irritant for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresolvent
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Solvent

Butoxyethanol

Butoxyethanol

2.5

Butoxyethanol is a synthetic solvent that can help dissolve other ingredients, but it carries moderate irritation and toxicity concerns, making it less common in modern skincare.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresolvent
Read ingredient review

Vasodilator

Butoxyethyl Nicotinate

Butoxyethyl Nicotinate

3.0

Butoxyethyl Nicotinate is a synthetic ingredient that temporarily increases blood flow to the skin, often used in anti-cellulite and warming products, but it can cause irritation and redness in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarevasodilator
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Emollient

Butoxyethyl Stearate

Butoxyethyl Stearate

3.5

A synthetic emollient that makes products feel silky, but may clog pores for some skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Butoxynol-19 Carboxylic Acid

Butoxynol-19 Carboxylic Acid

3.8

An effective synthetic cleanser that can be drying for sensitive skin, but is generally safe in well-formulated products.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarecleansing
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Butoxynol-5 Carboxylic Acid

Butoxynol-5 Carboxylic Acid

3.5

A synthetic surfactant that effectively cleanses but may be drying or irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarecleansing
Read ingredient review

Emollient

Butter Decyl Esters

Butter Decyl Esters

4.3

A lightweight, plant-based emollient that hydrates and softens skin without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Skin Conditioner

Butter Milk Powder

Butyris Lac Powder

3.8

A gentle milk-derived powder that softens and conditions skin without heavy oils.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareconditioning agent
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Soothing Agent

Butterbur Leaf Extract

PETASITES VULGARIS LEAF EXTRACT

3.8

Butterbur leaf extract may help calm irritated skin and fight free radicals, but research on topical use is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical
Read ingredient review

Soothing Agent

Butterbur Root Extract

PETASITES JAPONICUS ROOT EXTRACT

3.8

Butterbur root extract is a gentle botanical with potential soothing and antioxidant benefits, but research in topical skincare is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Soothing Agent

Butterbur Root Powder

PETASITES JAPONICUS POWDER

3.8

Butterbur root powder is a gentle botanical with potential soothing and antioxidant benefits, but research in topical skincare is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Butterfly Pea Fruit Extract

CLITORIA TERNATEA FRUIT EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract that may help calm skin and fight environmental stress, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Exfoliant

Buttermilk Extract Powder

Buttermilk Extract

4.0

A mild, milk-based exfoliant that gently sloughs dead skin cells and supports a smoother, more even complexion.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareexfoliant
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Antioxidant

Butyl 2-Glyceryl Ascorbate

Butyl 2-Glyceryl Ascorbate

4.3

A gentle, stable vitamin C alternative that brightens skin without the irritation or instability of pure ascorbic acid.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Fragrance Ingredient

Butyl 2-Methylbutyrate

Butyl 2-Methylbutyrate

3.8

A synthetic ester that adds a fruity, apple-like scent to products; generally considered safe at low levels used in cosmetics.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Antioxidant

Butyl 3-Glyceryl Ascorbate

Butyl 3-Glyceryl Ascorbate

4.3

A gentle, stable vitamin C derivative that brightens skin and fights free radicals without the irritation of pure ascorbic acid.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Solvent

Butyl Acetate

Butyl Acetate

3.5

Butyl acetate helps nail polish glide on and dry quickly, but it can be drying or irritating for sensitive skin or frequent use.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautynail caresolvent
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Emollient

Butyl Acetyl Ricinoleate

Butyl Acetyl Ricinoleate

4.0

A gentle, non-greasy emollient derived from castor oil that helps products glide on smoothly and keeps skin feeling soft.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
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