Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

1,5-Naphthalenediol is a synthetic antioxidant and color stabilizer, but its use in cosmetics is limited and safety data is sparse.

A gentle, naturally derived fatty acid that helps soothe and protect the skin, often found in royal jelly-based products.

2-Melozol Formate is a little-known synthetic antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress, but research is very limited.

A plant-derived antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress, but research is still early.

A synthetic antioxidant that helps stabilize color in hair dyes, but with limited research on long-term skin safety.

A gentle, stable vitamin C derivative that brightens skin and fights free radicals without the irritation of pure L-ascorbic acid.

3-Carene is a natural antioxidant found in essential oils, but its strong scent and potential for skin irritation mean it's best used in low concentrations and may not suit sensitive skin.

A gentle, stable vitamin C option that brightens skin and fights free radicals with less irritation than pure ascorbic acid.

A gentler, more stable form of vitamin C that resists oxidation and can be used in oil-based formulas.

A gentler, more stable form of vitamin C that brightens skin and fights free radicals without the irritation of pure L-ascorbic acid.

A gentle plant-derived antioxidant that helps protect skin from environmental stress and may support a more even tone.

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a mild antioxidant and preservative helper that is generally safe but can cause rare irritation in sensitive skin.

A synthetic antioxidant that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research is still early.

A lab-made antioxidant with early promise for evening skin tone, but human studies are still scarce.

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research is still limited.

A plant stem cell extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, but research is still emerging and it's not a proven anti-aging powerhouse.

A gentle, plant-based antioxidant that helps shield skin from environmental stress without irritation.

A gentle plant extract that may help tighten pores and fight free radicals, but research on its specific skin benefits is still limited.

A gentle, antioxidant-rich flower extract that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, though research is still emerging.

A gentle plant extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, but research is still early.

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research is limited and benefits are not yet well-established in human skin.

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its specific skin benefits is still limited.

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its specific skincare benefits is still limited.

A gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical extract from an Australian native plant, best for soothing and protecting normal to dry skin.

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, but research is still early.

Açaí berry extract is a gentle antioxidant-rich ingredient that helps protect skin from environmental stress and may calm minor irritation.

Açaí fruit extract is a gentle, antioxidant-rich ingredient that helps defend the skin against free radicals and environmental damage, but its benefits are best supported by general antioxidant research rather than specific skin studies.

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract from açaí palm hearts that may help calm and protect skin, though research is still limited.

Açaí Pulp Powder is a gentle, antioxidant-packed ingredient that helps protect skin from environmental stress and supports a healthy-looking complexion.

A gentle, plant-derived antioxidant that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, though research is still early.

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but human skin research is still limited.

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research is still early and benefits are not yet proven in human skin.

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research is still early and benefits are not yet proven in large human studies.

A gentle botanical extract with soothing and antioxidant potential, but research on its cosmetic benefits is still limited.

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its specific skin benefits is still limited.

Acerola fruit extract is a gentle, vitamin-C-rich antioxidant that can help brighten skin and defend against environmental stress, though its vitamin C content may degrade quickly in formulas.

Acerola fruit juice is a gentle, natural source of vitamin C that can help brighten skin and fight free radical damage without the irritation of pure ascorbic acid.

Acerola fruit powder is a gentle, natural source of vitamin C that can help brighten skin and fight free radicals, but its effectiveness depends on formulation and stability.

Acerola fruit water is a gentle, antioxidant-rich hydrator that can help brighten and protect skin from environmental stress.

Acerola seed extract is a gentle, antioxidant-rich ingredient that helps protect skin from environmental stress, though research on its topical benefits is still emerging.

Acetyl Carnitine is a gentle antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress and support collagen health, but research is still emerging.

Acetyl Carnitine HCl is a gentle antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress and support a more even tone, though it is not as well-studied as vitamin C or niacinamide.

A stable antioxidant peptide that helps protect skin from environmental damage and may support a more youthful appearance.

Acetyl Cysteine is a promising antioxidant and brightening ingredient, but research in topical skincare is still emerging compared to more established options like vitamin C.

A gentle antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress, but research is still early.

Acetyl Methionine is a gentle, antioxidant amino acid derivative that helps protect skin from environmental stress and supports a healthy appearance.

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract that may help calm skin and fight environmental stress, but research is still early.

Acetyl Tyrosine is a gentle amino acid derivative that helps maintain an even skin tone and supports the skin's natural antioxidant defenses.

A gentle, ginger-derived antioxidant that helps defend against pollution and UV stress without the irritation of pure ginger.

A modified clove extract that may offer antioxidant benefits, but its acetylation process and potential for irritation require cautious use.

A gentle, modified wood extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, but research on its specific benefits is still limited.

A modified juniper extract that may offer antioxidant benefits, but research on this specific form is limited.

A gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical extract that may help calm skin, but research on the acetylated form is limited.

A modified plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research is limited and its benefits are not well-established.

A modified plant extract with potential antioxidant benefits, but research is limited and it may not be a standout ingredient.

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract from Swiss pine that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

A gentle, antioxidant-rich ingredient that may help calm skin and protect against environmental stress.

A gentle, antioxidant-rich root extract that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, though research is still early.

A gentle, antioxidant-rich flower extract that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, though human studies are limited.

A gentle herbal extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its cosmetic benefits is still limited.