Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 1,749
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Fragrance Ingredient

1-Nonen-3-ol

1-NONEN-3-OL

3.5

A synthetic scent ingredient that adds a unique earthy note but may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

1-Penten-3-ol

1-PENTEN-3-OL

3.5

A synthetic fragrance compound that adds a fresh, green scent but may cause irritation in sensitive individuals at higher concentrations.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance

10-Hydroxy-1,8-p-Menthadiene

10-HYDROXY-1,8-P-MENTHADIENE

3.5

A fragrant compound from mint oils that adds a fresh scent but may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

10-Undecenyl Acetate

10-UNDECENYL ACETATE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a pleasant scent but offers no skincare benefits; generally safe at low levels.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-(1-Ethylpropyl)pyridine

2-(1-ETHYLPROPYL)PYRIDINE

2.0

A synthetic fragrance compound with limited safety data; best avoided by those with sensitive skin or fragrance allergies.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Acetonaphthone

2-ACETONAPHTHONE

3.0

2-Acetonaphthone is a synthetic fragrance ingredient with limited safety data; it is generally considered safe at low levels but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Benzylheptanol

2-BENZYLHEPTANOL

3.5

2-Benzylheptanol is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a pleasant scent to products; it is generally considered safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance

2-Decenal

2-DECENAL

3.5

2-Decenal is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a fresh citrus note but may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance

2-Dodecenol

2-DODECENOL

3.5

2-Dodecenol is a synthetic fatty alcohol used for scent and preservation, but it may cause irritation in sensitive individuals at higher concentrations.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Ethylbutyric Acid

2-Ethylbutyric Acid

3.0

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a fruity, cheesy scent but offers no direct skincare benefit and may irritate sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance

2-Ethylidenedecanal

2-ETHYLIDENEDECANAL

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a fresh scent but may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance

2-Heptanol

2-HEPTANOL

3.5

2-Heptanol is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds scent but offers no skincare benefits and may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance

2-Hexanol

2-HEXANOL

3.5

2-Hexanol is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds scent to products but may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Isopentenal

2-ISOPENTENAL

2.5

2-Isopentenal is a synthetic fragrance compound with limited safety data; it may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals and is best avoided in leave-on products for reactive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-M-Cresylethanol

2-M-CRESYLETHANOL

3.5

2-M-Cresylethanol is a synthetic fragrance ingredient with mild antimicrobial properties, but it may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals at higher concentrations.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance

2-Methoxy-p-Cresol

2-METHOXY-P-CRESOL

3.5

2-Methoxy-p-Cresol is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a smoky, spicy note to products, but may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Methyl 5-Phenylpentanol

2-METHYL 5-PHENYLPENTANOL

3.5

A synthetic scent ingredient that adds a pleasant floral note, but offers no skincare benefits and may be a concern for those avoiding fragrance.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Methyl-3-Buten-2-ol

2-METHYL-3-BUTEN-2-OL

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a fresh, floral scent but offers no skincare benefits and may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Methylbutane-2-Thiol

2-Methylbutane-2-Thiol

2.0

A potent synthetic odorant rarely used in skincare; its strong sulfurous smell limits its appeal and may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Methylbutyl Butyrate

2-Methylbutyl Butyrate

3.8

A fruity-smelling ester used to add a pleasant apple-like scent to products; generally considered safe at low concentrations but may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Methylbutyl Isovalerate

2-METHYLBUTYL ISOVALERATE

3.5

A synthetic ester that adds a fruity, floral scent to products; generally considered safe at low levels but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Methylbutyraldehyde

2-METHYLBUTYRALDEHYDE

3.5

A synthetic scent ingredient that adds a warm, nutty aroma but offers no skincare benefit and may cause sensitivity in some people.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Methylbutyric Acid

2-METHYLBUTYRIC ACID

3.5

A natural fatty acid used mainly for its cheesy or fruity scent; safe at low levels but not a functional skincare active.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Methyldodecanal

2-METHYLDODECANAL

3.5

A synthetic scent ingredient that adds a fresh, citrusy note but offers no skincare benefits and may be a concern for those with fragrance sensitivities.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance Ingredient

2-Methylfuran-3-Thiol

2-METHYLFURAN-3-THIOL

3.0

A synthetic fragrance compound used in tiny amounts to add a savory or roasted note; generally considered safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Methylpent-2-Enoic Acid

2-METHYLPENT-2-ENOIC ACID

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a fruity, acidic scent but may cause irritation in sensitive individuals at higher concentrations.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Methylpent-2-enyl Acetate

2-METHYLPENT-2-ENYL ACETATE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ester that adds a fruity or floral note but offers no skincare benefit beyond scent.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance Ingredient

2-Methylpent-3-Enoic Acid

2-METHYLPENT-3-ENOIC ACID

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds scent but offers no skin benefit and may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance Ingredient

2-Methylpentyl 2-Methylvalerate

2-METHYLPENTYL 2-METHYLVALERATE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ester that adds a pleasant scent but offers no skincare benefits; safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Nonylcrotonaldehyde

2-Nonylcrotonaldehyde

3.5

A synthetic fragrance aldehyde that adds a fresh, green scent but can be a skin sensitizer for some people.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Octenal

2-OCTENAL

3.5

2-Octenal is a synthetic fragrance compound that adds a fresh, green scent but can be a skin sensitizer for some people.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance Ingredient

2-P-Cresylethanol

2-P-CRESYLETHANOL

3.5

2-P-Cresylethanol is a synthetic fragrance ingredient with mild preservative-boosting properties, generally considered safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance

2-Phenylpropylpyridine

2-PHENYLPROPYLPYRIDINE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient with limited safety data; generally considered low risk at typical use levels but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-sec-Butylcyclohexanone

2-SEC-BUTYLCYCLOHEXANONE

3.5

A synthetic scent ingredient that adds a fresh note but may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-T-Butylcyclohexyl Acetate

2-T-BUTYLCYCLOHEXYL ACETATE

3.5

A synthetic scent ingredient that adds a pleasant fruity-woody note but offers no skincare benefits and may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance

2-T-Butylcyclohexyloxybutanol

2-T-BUTYLCYCLOHEXYLOXYBUTANOL

3.8

A synthetic cooling agent that adds a refreshing feel but may irritate sensitive skin at higher concentrations.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance Ingredient

2-Tert-Butyl-4-Methylcyclohexanol

2-TERT-BUTYL-4-METHYLCYCLOHEXANOL

3.5

A synthetic cooling and minty fragrance ingredient that can add a pleasant sensation but may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Tert-Butylcyclohexanol

2-TERT-BUTYLCYCLOHEXANOL

3.8

A synthetic cooling agent that adds a fresh, minty scent to products; generally well-tolerated but may cause irritation in sensitive individuals at high levels.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Tert-Butylcyclohexanone

2-TERT-BUTYLCYCLOHEXANONE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance compound that adds a fresh, minty scent but may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals, especially at higher concentrations.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Tert-Butylcyclohexyl Propionate

2-TERT-BUTYLCYCLOHEXYL PROPIONATE

3.5

A synthetic scent ingredient that adds a fresh, woody note but offers no skincare benefit and may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Undecenenitrile

2-UNDECENENITRILE

3.5

2-Undecenenitrile is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a fresh, citrus-like scent but may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2-Undecenol

2-UNDECENOL

3.5

2-Undecenol is a synthetic fragrance and antimicrobial ingredient used in tiny amounts, but it may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2,2-Dimethyl-3-Phenylpropanal

2,2-DIMETHYL-3-PHENYLPROPIONALDEHYDE

3.5

A synthetic floral fragrance aldehyde that adds a pleasant hyacinth note but may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2,3-Dimethyl-2-Nonenonitrile

2,3-DIMETHYL-2-NONENENITRILE

3.5

A synthetic scent molecule that adds a fresh note but offers no skincare benefit; safe at low levels but unnecessary for most routines.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2,4-Dimethylbenzyl Acetate

2,4-DIMETHYLBENZYLACETATE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance compound that adds a pleasant scent but offers no skincare benefits and may trigger sensitivities in some people.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

2,4-Dimethylhepta-2,2-Dienal

2,4-DIMETHYLHEPTA-2,2-DIENAL

3.5

A synthetic scent ingredient that adds a fresh green note but may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance Ingredient

2,6-Dimethyl-4-Heptanol

2,6-DIMETHYL-4-HEPTANOL

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a fresh, floral scent but offers no skincare benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance Ingredient

2,6-Dimethylhepta-1,5-diene

2,6-DIMETHYLHEPTA-1,5-DIENE

3.0

A synthetic fragrance ingredient with limited safety data; best for those who tolerate synthetic scents well.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance

2,6-Dimethylheptanol

2,6-DIMETHYLHEPTANOL

3.5

A synthetic fragrance alcohol that adds a fresh floral note but offers no skincare benefit and may be unnecessary for sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance

2,6-Dimethylpyrazine

2,6-DIMETHYLPYRAZINE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance compound that adds a warm, nutty aroma; generally safe at low levels but offers no skin benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance Ingredient

2,7-Dimethyl-5-Octen-4-One

2,7-DIMETHYL-5-OCTEN-4-ONE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance compound that adds scent but offers no skincare benefits and may irritate sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance Ingredient

3-(p-Cumenyl)-2-Methylpropanal

3-(P-CUMENYL)-2-METHYLPROPIONALDEHYDE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a pleasant scent but may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

3-Decenol

3-DECENOL

3.5

3-Decenol is a synthetic fragrance compound that adds a pleasant scent but offers no skincare benefits; it is generally safe at low levels but may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance Ingredient

3-Ethylphenol

3-ETHYLPHENOL

3.5

3-Ethylphenol is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a phenolic, medicinal scent but may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance Ingredient

3-Ethylpyridine

3-ETHYLPYRIDINE

3.0

3-Ethylpyridine is a synthetic fragrance compound that adds a distinct note to products, but it may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance component

3-Heptanol

3-HEPTANOL

3.0

3-Heptanol is a synthetic fragrance alcohol that adds scent but offers no skincare benefit; it may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance Ingredient

3-Heptenyl Isobutyrate

3-HEPTENYL ISOBUTYRATE

3.5

A synthetic scent ingredient that adds a fresh, green note to products but offers no skincare benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance

3-Hexenal

3-HEXENAL

3.5

3-Hexenal is a natural green-leaf scent used in fragrances; it can be a skin sensitizer at higher levels, so it's used in tiny amounts.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

3-Hexenyl 2-Methylbutyrate

3-HEXENYL 2-METHYLBUTYRATE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ester that adds a green, fruity scent; generally considered safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review