Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 20,769
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Antioxidant

Adina Rubella Extract

ADINA RUBELLA FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research on human skin is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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pH Adjuster

Adipic Acid

Adipic Acid

3.5

Adipic acid is a mild pH adjuster that helps keep your skincare products stable and gentle on skin, but it doesn't provide active skincare benefits on its own.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepH adjuster
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Film Former

Adipic Acid Copolymer

ADIPIC ACID/DIMETHYLAMINOHYDROXYPROPYL DIETHYLENETRIAMINE COPOLYMER

3.8

A synthetic polymer that creates a flexible film on skin or hair, helping products last longer and resist water.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehaircare
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Texture enhancer

Adipic Acid/Diglycol Crosspolymer

ADIPIC ACID/DIGLYCOL CROSSPOLYMER

4.0

A safe, synthetic polymer that helps skincare and makeup feel silky, control shine, and improve spreadability without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarecosmetic ingredient
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Film Former

Adipic Acid/PPG-10 Copolymer

ADIPIC ACID/PPG-10 COPOLYMER

3.8

A synthetic film-former that helps products stay put and resist water, but offers no active skincare benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
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Cell Communicating Ingredient

Adipose Stem Cell Exosomes

HUMAN ADIPOSE STROMAL CELL EXOSOMES

3.5

A futuristic ingredient derived from stem cells that may support skin repair, but the science is still early and products are often very expensive.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareactive
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Antioxidant

Adonis Palaestina Flower Extract

ADONIS PALAESTINA FLOWER EXTRACT

3.5

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research is very limited and it's not a well-studied ingredient.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Exfoliant

Adzuki Bean Seed Extract

Phaseolus aconitifolius seed extract

3.8

A gentle, natural exfoliant from adzuki beans that helps smooth skin without harsh chemicals, but research on its benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareexfoliant
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Antioxidant

Adzuki Bean Seedcoat Extract

Vigna Angularis Seedcoat Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract from adzuki bean seed coats that may help calm and protect the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Fragrance

Aeollanthus Leaf Oil

AEOLLANTHUS SUAVEOLENS LEAF OIL

3.5

A fragrant essential oil with limited research on skincare benefits; best used in low concentrations due to potential irritation.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Antioxidant

Aerangis Orchid Callus Powder

Aerangis Fastuosa Callus Powder

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich orchid ingredient that may help soothe and protect skin, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Aerva Javanica Extract

Aerva Javanica Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract

3.5

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research is limited and it's not a powerhouse ingredient.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Aesculus Turbinata Bark Extract

AESCULUS TURBINATA BARK EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant and soothing potential, but research is limited compared to more common botanical extracts.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Fragrance

Aetoxylon Wood Oil

AETOXYLON SYMPETALUM WOOD OIL

3.5

A fragrant wood oil with limited research; best for those who enjoy natural scents but may irritate sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance

Aframomum Leaf Oil

AFRAMOMUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM LEAF OIL

3.5

A fragrant leaf oil that adds a warm, spicy scent to products but has limited research on direct skin benefits and may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Antioxidant

African Basil Extract

OCIMUM CANUM HERB EXTRACT

3.8

African basil extract is a gentle botanical antioxidant that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Fragrance

African Basil Herb Oil

OCIMUM CANUM HERB OIL

3.8

African basil oil offers antimicrobial and antioxidant benefits but can be irritating for sensitive skin due to its essential oil nature.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincareessential oil
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Hair Conditioning Agent

African Locust Bean Oil Complex

Pentaclethra Macroloba Seed Oil / Behenic Acid / Aminopropanediol Amides/Esters

4.0

A gentle conditioning ingredient that helps soften hair and skin without heavy greasiness.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehaircare
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Emollient

African Locust Bean Seed Oil

Pentaclethra macroloba seed oil

4.3

A lightweight, non-greasy Amazonian oil that deeply moisturizes and helps calm irritation without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareemollient
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Antioxidant

African Mahogany Wood Extract

Khaya senegalensis wood extract

3.8

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its specific skin benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Thickener

Agar

Agar

4.2

A gentle, seaweed-derived thickener that helps create smooth gel textures without irritating skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarethickener
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Thickener

Agarose

Agarose

4.0

A gentle, seaweed-derived thickener that gives gels a smooth texture without clogging pores or irritating skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarethickener
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Fragrance

Agarwood Extract

AQUILARIA AGALLOCHA WOOD EXTRACT

3.8

A fragrant wood extract with antioxidant potential, but more research is needed to confirm its skincare benefits beyond scent.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Fragrance

Agarwood Oil

AQUILARIA MALACCENSIS WOOD OIL

3.8

A rare, luxurious fragrance oil with a distinctive woody scent, but limited research on skincare benefits and potential for skin irritation.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Agarwood Stem Extract

Aquilaria Malaccensis Stem Extract

3.8

Agarwood Stem Extract is a gentle botanical antioxidant that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research on its cosmetic benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Agastache Rugosa Callus Culture

AGASTACHE RUGOSA CALLUS CULTURE

4.0

A biotech-derived antioxidant from Korean mint that may help calm and protect skin, though human studies are still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Humectant

Agave Atrovirens Extract

AGAVE ATROVIRENS EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, hydrating plant extract that helps soothe and moisturize skin, with antioxidant benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Agave Ferment Filtrate

Saccharomyces/Agave Americana Leaf Ferment Filtrate

4.0

A gentle fermented ingredient that may help hydrate and soothe skin, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincarehumectantsoothing
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Soothing Agent

Agave Leaf Extract

Agave Tequilana Leaf Extract

3.8

Agave leaf extract is a gentle, plant-based ingredient that may help soothe and hydrate the skin, but research on its cosmetic benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing agent
Read ingredient review

Absorbent

Agave Leaf Powder

Agave Americana Leaf Powder

3.8

Agave leaf powder is a gentle, plant-based exfoliant and absorbent that can help mattify skin and lightly polish away dead cells without harshness.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareabsorbentexfoliant
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Soothing Agent

Agave Rigida Extract

Agave Rigida Extract

4.0

Agave Rigida Extract is a gentle, plant-derived ingredient that helps soothe and hydrate the skin, making it a good choice for sensitive or irritated skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing agent
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Humectant

Agave Root Juice

Agave Tequilana Root Juice

3.8

Agave root juice is a gentle, natural humectant that helps hydrate and soothe the skin, but research on its cosmetic benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Agave Stem Extract

Agave Tequilana Stem Extract

3.8

Agave stem extract is a gentle, plant-based humectant that helps hydrate and calm the skin, but research on its benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
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Soothing agent

Agave Yeast Ferment Extract

METSCHNIKOWIA AGAVES EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, biotech-derived ingredient that may help calm skin and support a healthy microbiome, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincaresoothing agent
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Fragrance

Aglaia Odorata Flower Oil

AGLAIA ODORATA FLOWER OIL

3.8

A fragrant flower oil that adds a pleasant scent to products, with limited research on skin benefits.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance

Agonis Fragrans Oil

AGONIS FRAGRANS BRANCH/LEAF OIL

3.5

Agonis Fragrans Oil adds a pleasant botanical scent to products, but its skincare benefits are not well-studied, and it may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Antioxidant

Agrimony Flower Extract

AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA FLOWER EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant and soothing potential, though research in cosmetics is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical
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Antioxidant

Agrimony Leaf Extract

Agrimonia Eupatoria Leaf Extract

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant and soothing potential, but human skincare studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Soothing agent

Agrimony Root Extract

AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA ROOT EXTRACT

3.8

Agrimony root extract is a gentle botanical with antioxidant and soothing potential, but human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Antioxidant

Agrocybe Cylindracea Ferment Filtrate

AGROCYBE CYLINDRACEA FERMENT FILTRATE

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich mushroom ferment that may help calm skin and protect against environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Humectant

Ahnfeltia Concinna Extract

AHNFELTIA CONCINNA EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, hydrating seaweed extract that helps soothe and moisturize the skin, but research on its benefits is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
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Antioxidant

Akebia Quinata Flower Extract

AKEBIA QUINATA FLOWER EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its skincare benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Akebia Quinata Peel Extract

AKEBIA QUINATA PEEL EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research is still early and benefits are not yet proven in human skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Akebia Quinata Seed Extract

AKEBIA QUINATA SEED EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich seed extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Emollient

Akebia Quinata Seed Oil

AKEBIA QUINATA SEED OIL

4.0

A gentle, plant-based oil that hydrates and softens skin without clogging pores, though research on its specific benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareemollient
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