Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 20,769
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Exfoliant

Limonia Acidissima Bark Powder

Limonia Acidissima Bark Powder

3.5

A gentle, natural exfoliating powder from wood apple bark, best for those who prefer plant-based physical exfoliants.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareexfoliant
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Exfoliant

Limonia Acidissima Shell Powder

LIMONIA ACIDISSIMA SHELL POWDER

3.5

A natural, gritty powder that physically exfoliates skin, but its coarse texture may be too harsh for sensitive or compromised skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincareexfoliant
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Exfoliant

Limonia Acidissima Wood Powder

Limonia Acidissima Wood Powder

3.5

A gentle, natural wood powder that helps slough off dead skin and absorb excess oil, but lacks strong clinical research.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareexfoliantabsorbent
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Soothing agent

Limus

Limus

3.8

Limus is a gentle, seaweed-derived ingredient that may help calm irritated skin and support hydration, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing agent
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Antioxidant

Limus Extract

Limus Extract

3.8

Limus Extract is a gentle botanical antioxidant that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalool

Linalool

3.5

Linalool is a common fragrant component of many essential oils; it can cause skin sensitization in some people, especially when oxidized.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalool Dihydroepoxide

LINALOOL DIHYDROEPOXIDE

3.5

Linalool Dihydroepoxide is a synthetic scent ingredient that can cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals, especially when oxidized.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance

Linalool Oxide

LINALOOL OXIDE

3.5

Linalool oxide is a common fragrance ingredient that can cause skin sensitivity in some people, especially when oxidized.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance

Linalyl Acetate

LINALYL ACETATE

3.8

Linalyl acetate is a fragrant ester from lavender and other plants that adds a floral, calming scent to products, but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalyl Anthranilate

LINALYL ANTHRANILATE

3.5

Linalyl anthranilate is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a floral, fruity scent to products, but it may cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalyl Benzoate

Linalyl Benzoate

3.8

Linalyl Benzoate is a synthetic fragrance ester that adds a pleasant scent to products, but its primary role is aesthetic rather than functional for skin health.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalyl Butyrate

Linalyl Butyrate

3.5

Linalyl butyrate is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a floral, fruity scent to products; it is generally considered safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance ingredient

Linalyl Cinnamate

Linalyl Cinnamate

3.5

Linalyl Cinnamate is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a sweet, floral scent to products but may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalyl Formate

Linalyl Formate

3.5

Linalyl Formate is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a floral, fruity scent to products; it is generally considered safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalyl Hexanoate

1,5-DIMETHYL-1-VINYLHEX-4-ENYL HEXANOATE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ester that adds a floral, slightly fruity scent to products; generally considered safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalyl Isobutyrate

LINALYL ISOBUTYRATE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a floral, lavender-like scent; generally safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance ingredient

Linalyl Isovalerate

LINALYL ISOVALERRATE

4.0

Linalyl isovalerate is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a pleasant scent to products; it is generally considered safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalyl Methyl Ether

LINALYL METHYL ETHER

3.5

Linalyl Methyl Ether is a synthetic scent ingredient that adds a fresh, floral note but may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalyl Phenylacetate

LINALYL PHENYLACETATE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ester that adds a sweet, floral scent but offers no direct skin benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance ingredient

Linalyl Propionate

LINALYL PROPIONATE

3.5

Linalyl propionate is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a floral, lavender-like scent to products; it is generally considered safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Emollient

Linden Blossom Oil

Tilia Cordata Oil

3.8

A gentle, fragrant oil that softens skin and provides antioxidant benefits, but research on its specific effects is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareemollient
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Soothing Agent

Linden Flower & Leaf Extract

Tilia Europaea Flower/Leaf Extract

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived ingredient that helps calm irritated skin and provides antioxidant protection without common irritants.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Antioxidant

Linden Flower & Violet Leaf Extract

Tilia Europaea Flower/Viola Odorata Leaf Extract

4.0

A gentle, plant-based extract blend that may help calm irritation and defend against environmental stress, though clinical evidence is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Soothing Agent

Linden Flower Extract

Tilia Vulgaris Flower Extract

4.0

A gentle, plant-based ingredient that helps calm irritated skin and provides antioxidant protection without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical
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Soothing Agent

Linden Flower Water

TILIA VULGARIS FLOWER WATER

3.8

A gentle floral water that can soothe and lightly tone the skin, but its benefits are mostly anecdotal and not backed by strong clinical evidence.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing
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Soothing Agent

Linden Wood Extract

Tilia Cordata Wood Extract

4.0

A gentle, plant-based extract that may help calm irritated skin and provide antioxidant protection, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing agent
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Antioxidant

Lindera Erythrocarpa Extract

LINDERA ERYTHROCARPA EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research is still early and benefits are not yet proven in human skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Humectant

Lindera Leaf/Twig Water

Lindera Umbellata Leaf/Twig Water

3.8

A gentle, hydrating botanical water that can replace plain water in formulas, offering mild soothing and antioxidant benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectantsoothing
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Antioxidant

Lindera Root Extract

Lindera Erythrocarpa Adventitious Root Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich root extract that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Fragrance

Lindera Twig Oil

LINDERA UMBELLATA TWIG OIL

3.8

Lindera twig oil offers a natural, aromatic option for soothing and antioxidant support, but its potency means it should be used in low concentrations to avoid irritation.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance

Lindera Umbellata Leaf Oil

LINDERA UMBELLATA LEAF OIL

3.8

Lindera Umbellata Leaf Oil is a natural essential oil that adds a pleasant scent and may offer mild antioxidant benefits, but it carries a moderate risk of skin irritation, especially for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance

Lindera Umbellata Oil

LINDERA UMBELLATA LEAF/TWIG OIL

3.8

A gentle, aromatic oil from Japanese spicebush that may offer soothing benefits, but research is limited and it can cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Antioxidant

Linderanolide B / Subamolide A

Linderanolide B / Subamolide A

3.5

A rare plant compound with promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but currently lacks broad human safety and efficacy data.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Lindheimer Primrose Flower Extract

Oenothera Lindheimeri Flower Extract

3.8

A mild, antioxidant-rich flower extract that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Antioxidant

Lingonberry Fruit Extract

Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea Fruit Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich fruit extract that helps protect skin from environmental stress and may calm minor irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Lingonberry Fruit Juice

VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA FRUIT JUICE

4.0

Lingonberry fruit juice is a gentle, antioxidant-rich ingredient that helps soothe skin and protect against environmental stress, but it is not a stand-alone treatment for serious skin concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Lingonberry Fruit Water

VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA FRUIT WATER

3.8

Lingonberry fruit water is a gentle, antioxidant-rich base that can help soothe and lightly condition skin, but its benefits are mild compared to more concentrated extracts.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Lingonberry Leaf Protoplasts

VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA LEAF PROTOPLASTS

3.8

A gentle, plant-derived antioxidant from lingonberry leaf cells that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Emollient

Lingonberry Seed Oil

VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA SEED OIL

4.0

A lightweight, antioxidant-rich oil that helps moisturize and protect the skin without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareemollient
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Emollient

Linoleamide

Linoleamide

3.5

Linoleamide is a gentle fatty acid derivative that helps soften and condition skin, but research on its specific benefits is limited compared to its parent compound, linoleic acid.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
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Surfactant

Linoleamide DEA

LINOLEAMIDE DEA

3.8

Linoleamide DEA is a synthetic foam booster and thickener that can improve the lather of cleansers, but it may cause mild irritation for sensitive skin and has raised some safety concerns due to its DEA content.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
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Surfactant

Linoleamide MEA

Linoleamide MEA

3.5

A foam booster and thickener for cleansers, but may be mildly irritating and potentially pore-clogging for some skin types.

Irritation

moderate

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
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Surfactant

Linoleamide MIPA

Linoleamide MIPA

3.5

Linoleamide MIPA is a synthetic surfactant that helps create rich foam in cleansers, but it may be slightly drying for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
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Surfactant

Linoleamidopropalkonium Chloride

LINOLEAMIDOPROPALKONIUM CHLORIDE

3.5

A synthetic conditioning agent that helps soften hair and reduce static, but may cause irritation for sensitive scalps.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehair care
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Conditioning Agent

Linoleamidopropyl Dimethylamine

LINOLEAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE

3.8

A gentle conditioning ingredient that helps detangle hair and soften skin without heavy buildup.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehaircareconditioning agent
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Emollient

Linoleic Acid

Linoleic Acid

4.5

A skin-friendly omega-6 fatty acid that strengthens the moisture barrier and calms dryness without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareemollient
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Emollient

Linolenic Acid

LINOLENIC ACID

4.0

Linolenic acid is a gentle omega-3 fatty acid that helps reinforce the skin barrier and soothe dryness without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareemollient
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Antioxidant

Linoleyl Gallate

Linoleyl Gallate

3.8

A promising antioxidant that pairs fatty acid benefits with polyphenol protection, but research is still early and products are rare.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Emollient

Linoleyl Lactate

LINOLEYL LACTATE

4.0

A gentle, dual-action ester that moisturizes and lightly exfoliates, making it a smart choice for dry or sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
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Antioxidant

Linseed Oil Ascorbate Esters

Linseed Oil Ascorbate Esters

4.0

A gentle, oil-soluble vitamin C derivative that pairs antioxidant protection with moisturizing fatty acids, though research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Emollient

Linseed Oil Ethyl Esters

Linseed Oil Ethyl Esters

4.0

A lightweight, non-greasy emollient derived from linseed oil that helps soften and smooth skin without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
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Emollient

Linseed Oil PEG-8 Esters

LINSEED OIL PEG-8 ESTERS

4.0

A gentle, water-dispersible emollient that softens skin and helps blend oil and water phases in formulas — generally well-tolerated and non-comedogenic.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
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