Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 20,769
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Antioxidant

Davidson Plum Fruit Extract

Davidsonia Jerseyana Fruit Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich fruit extract that may help protect skin from environmental damage and support a more even tone, though human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Davilla Rugosa Leaf Extract

Davilla Rugosa Leaf Extract

3.8

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research is still early and benefits are not yet proven in human skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Davurica Rose Bud Extract

Rosa Davurica Bud Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical extract that may help calm skin and protect against environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Dawn Redwood Leaf Extract

METASEQUOIA GLYPTOSTROBOIDES LEAF EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that may help calm skin and defend against environmental stress, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Humectant

Day Lily & Honey Ferment

SACCHAROMYCES/DAY LILY FLOWER/HONEY FERMENT FILTRATE

4.0

A gentle, fermented ingredient that may help hydrate and calm the skin, but research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincarehumectant
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Antioxidant

Day Lily Ferment Filtrate

SACCHAROMYCES/DAY LILY FLOWER FERMENT FILTRATE

4.0

A gentle, fermented botanical ingredient that may help calm skin and provide antioxidant support, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Soothing agent

Dayflower Extract

COMMELINA COMMUNIS FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant and soothing potential, but human skin research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical
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Antioxidant

Daylily Flower Extract

HEMEROCALLIS FULVA FLOWER EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich flower extract that may help calm skin and fight environmental stress, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Daylily Leaf/Stem Extract

HEMEROCALLIS SEMPERVIRENS LEAF/STEM EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle plant extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Surfactant

DEA-Perfluorohexyl Ethylphosphate

DEA-Perfluorohexyl Ethylphosphate

3.5

A synthetic fluorinated ingredient that helps products spread evenly and resist water, but raises environmental persistence concerns.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
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Fragrance

Decahydro-4,8

DECAHYDRO-4,8

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a woody or amber note, but with limited publicly available safety data.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Decahydro-Beta-Naphthol

DECAHYDRO-BETA-NAPHTHOL

3.5

A synthetic scent ingredient that adds a warm, woody note to products, but offers no skincare benefit and may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance Ingredient

Decahydro-Beta-Naphthyl Formate

DECAHYDRO-BETA-NAPHTHYL FORMATE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a pleasant woody scent but offers no skincare benefits and may cause sensitivity in some people.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance

Decahydro-Beta-Naphthyl Isobutyrate

DECAHYDRO-BETA-NAPHTHYL ISOBUTYRATE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a woody note; generally safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance

Decahydro-Methanobenzo-Cyclooctenone

DECAHYDRO-METHANOBENZO-CYCLOOCTENONE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a woody or musky scent but offers no skincare benefits and may cause sensitivity in some people.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance Ingredient

Decahydro-Tetramethylazulene-5-Methanol

DECAHYDRO-TETRAMETHYLAZULENE-5-METHANOL

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a woody, amber scent but offers no skincare benefits and may be unnecessary for sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Decahydro-Trimethyl-Beta-Naphthyl Acetate

DECAHYDRO-TRIMETHYL-BETA-NAPHTHYL ACETATE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a warm, woody scent; generally safe at low levels but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance

Decahydrocyclododecaoxazole

DECAHYDROCYCLODODECAOXAZOLE

3.5

A synthetic musk fragrance that adds scent but offers no skincare benefits; generally safe at low levels but may be a concern for those avoiding synthetic fragrances.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance

Decahydrospirofuran-Methano-5H-Indene

DECAHYDROSPIROFURAN-METHANO-5H-INDENE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a woody, amber scent; generally considered safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance Ingredient

Decanal

DECANAL

3.5

Decanal is a natural fragrance ingredient that adds a fresh citrus scent to products, but it can be a skin sensitizer for some people.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Fragrance Ingredient

Decanal Dimethyl Acetal

DECANAL DIMETHYL ACETAL

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a fresh scent but offers no skincare benefits and may cause sensitivity in some people.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Solvent

Decane

DECANE

3.5

Decane is a safe, lightweight emollient that helps products glide on smoothly without clogging pores, but it offers no active skincare benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
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Fragrance Ingredient

Decanenitrile

Decanenitrile

3.5

Decanenitrile is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a fresh, citrusy note, but it offers no skincare benefits and may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Skin-conditioning agent

Decapeptide-1 with Bromelain

SH-DECAPEPTIDE-1 SR-PINEAPPLE STEM BROMELAIN

3.5

A novel blend of a signaling peptide and a fruit enzyme that may support skin renewal, but research is limited and irritation is possible.

Irritation

moderate

Source

mixed

beautyskincarepeptideenzyme
Read ingredient review

Anti-Aging Agent

Decapeptide-17

Decapeptide-17

3.8

Decapeptide-17 is a lab-made peptide that may help firm skin and reduce fine lines, but research is still early and results vary.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepeptide
Read ingredient review

Anti-aging agent

Decapeptide-22

Decapeptide-22

3.8

A lab-made peptide that may help support collagen and reduce fine lines, but human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareanti-aging
Read ingredient review

Anti-aging agent

Decapeptide-31

DECAPEPTIDE-31

3.8

Decapeptide-31 is a lab-made peptide that may help support skin firmness and reduce fine lines, but research is still early and results vary.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepeptide
Read ingredient review

Anti-aging agent

Decapeptide-33

Decapeptide-33

3.8

A synthetic peptide that may help support skin firmness and reduce the look of fine lines, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepeptide
Read ingredient review

Anti-aging agent

Decapeptide-34

Decapeptide-34

3.8

A synthetic peptide that may help support skin firmness and reduce fine lines, but research is still emerging and results vary.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepeptide
Read ingredient review

Anti-aging agent

Decapeptide-35

Decapeptide-35

4.0

A synthetic peptide that may help support collagen and elastin for firmer, smoother skin, though human data is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepeptide
Read ingredient review

Anti-Aging Agent

Decapeptide-36

Decapeptide-36

3.8

Decapeptide-36 is a lab-made peptide that may help support collagen production and improve skin firmness, but human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepeptide
Read ingredient review

Anti-aging agent

Decapeptide-37

Decapeptide-37

3.8

Decapeptide-37 is a lab-made peptide that may help support collagen and firm skin, but research is still early and results vary.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareanti-aging
Read ingredient review

Anti-aging agent

Decapeptide-38

DECAPEPTIDE-38

4.0

Decapeptide-38 is a lab-made peptide that may help firm skin and reduce fine lines, but research is still limited compared to more established peptides.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepeptide
Read ingredient review

Anti-aging agent

Decapeptide-39

Decapeptide-39

3.8

Decapeptide-39 is a lab-made peptide that may help support collagen and improve skin firmness, but research is still early and results vary.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepeptide
Read ingredient review

Anti-aging agent

Decapeptide-40

DECAPEPTIDE-40

3.8

Decapeptide-40 is a synthetic peptide that may help support skin firmness and reduce fine lines, but research is still emerging and results vary.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepeptide
Read ingredient review

Anti-aging agent

Decapeptide-41

Decapeptide-41

4.0

A lab-made peptide that may help reduce fine lines and improve skin firmness, but human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareanti-aging
Read ingredient review

Anti-aging agent

Decapeptide-43

Decapeptide-43

3.8

A lab-made peptide that may help support skin firmness and reduce fine lines, but human studies are still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepeptide
Read ingredient review

Anti-aging agent

Decapeptide-45

DECAPEPTIDE-45

3.8

Decapeptide-45 is a lab-made peptide that may help support firmer, smoother skin, but research is still early and results vary.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareanti-aging
Read ingredient review

Anti-aging agent

Decapeptide-46

Decapeptide-46

3.8

Decapeptide-46 is a lab-made peptide that may help support collagen and elastin for firmer skin, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareanti-aging
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Decarboxy Carnosine HCl

DECARBOXY CARNOSINE HCL

4.0

A stable, synthetic antioxidant that helps protect skin proteins from damage, making it a promising anti-aging ingredient with low irritation potential.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Emollient

Decene

DECENE

3.5

Decene is a lightweight synthetic emollient that helps soften skin and improve product texture, but it offers no active benefits beyond surface feel.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Decene/Butene Copolymer

DECENE/BUTENE COPOLYMER

3.8

A synthetic polymer that helps skincare products spread smoothly and feel lightweight on the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Deceth-10

DECETH-10

3.5

Deceth-10 is a mild synthetic emulsifier that helps products spread and rinse cleanly, but may cause irritation for very sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Deceth-3

DECETH-3

3.8

Deceth-3 is a gentle synthetic surfactant that helps cleansers foam and rinse cleanly without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Deceth-4

DECETH-4

3.8

Deceth-4 is a mild synthetic surfactant that helps cleansers foam and rinse cleanly, but it may cause slight dryness for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Deceth-4 Phosphate

DECETH-4 PHOSPHATE

4.0

A gentle synthetic surfactant that helps cleanse without stripping the skin's natural moisture barrier.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Deceth-5

DECETH-5

3.5

Deceth-5 is a synthetic emulsifier that helps mix water and oil, but it may be mildly irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Deceth-6

DECETH-6

3.8

Deceth-6 is a synthetic surfactant that helps cleansers foam and rinse clean, but it may be drying or irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Deceth-6 Phosphate

DECETH-6 PHOSPHATE

4.0

A gentle synthetic surfactant that helps cleanse without stripping the skin's natural moisture barrier.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Deceth-7

DECETH-7

4.0

A gentle synthetic surfactant that helps cleansers foam and rinse clean without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarecleansing
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Deceth-7 Carboxylic Acid

DECETH-7 CARBOXYLIC ACID

4.0

A gentle, non-drying surfactant that effectively cleanses without stripping the skin's natural moisture barrier.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarecleansing agent
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Deceth-8

DECETH-8

3.8

Deceth-8 is a mild cleansing agent that helps foaming and emulsifying, but may cause irritation in sensitive skin at high concentrations.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Deceth-9

DECETH-9

3.8

Deceth-9 is a synthetic cleansing agent that helps remove dirt and oil, but may be drying or irritating for sensitive skin in high concentrations.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review