Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 1,094
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Humectant

Pinacol

PINACOL

3.5

Pinacol is a synthetic humectant that helps hydrate the skin and can improve the feel of other ingredients, but it is less common and less studied than alternatives like glycerin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Pinanediol

Pinanediol

4.0

Pinanediol is a gentle, plant-derived humectant that helps hydrate and soothe skin, with early research suggesting additional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Pineapple Fruit Extract Beta-Glucan

Ananas Sativus (Pineapple) Fruit Extract, Beta-Glucan

4.0

A gentle, hydrating blend that pairs pineapple's mild fruit enzymes with beta-glucan's soothing moisture, ideal for brightening and smoothing without harsh irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectantexfoliant
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Humectant

Pineapple Fruit Water

ANANAS SATIVUS FRUIT WATER

3.8

Pineapple Fruit Water offers gentle hydration and mild enzymatic exfoliation, but its benefits are largely from natural fruit sugars and enzymes rather than a concentrated active.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectantantioxidant
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Humectant

Piperidinepropionic Acid

Piperidinepropionic Acid

3.8

A gentle, synthetic amino-acid derivative that may help improve skin hydration and barrier function, though research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Piperonyl Glucoside

Piperonyl Glucoside

4.0

Piperonyl glucoside is a gentle, sugar-based humectant that attracts moisture to the skin and may help calm irritation, making it a good option for sensitive skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Piracetam

PIRACETAM

3.5

Piracetam is a synthetic compound with limited but promising research for skin hydration and barrier support; it is not a proven anti-aging ingredient.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Placental Protein

Placental Protein

3.5

Placental protein is a traditional ingredient with anecdotal benefits for skin hydration and firmness, but modern research is limited and ethical concerns may steer you toward plant-based alternatives.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Platinum Thioethylamino Hyaluronic Acid

Platinum Thioethylamino Hyaluronic Acid

3.8

A novel hybrid ingredient that combines the moisture-binding power of hyaluronic acid with platinum's antioxidant potential, but research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Plum Fruit Juice

Prunus Salicina Fruit Juice

3.8

A gentle, hydrating fruit juice that offers light antioxidant benefits, but its effects are mild compared to more concentrated extracts.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Humectant

PNA (Polyglutamic Acid)

Polyglutamic Acid

4.3

PNA is a next-generation humectant that can hold up to 4,000 times its weight in water, making it a standout hydrator for dry or dehydrated skin.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Poly HEMA Glucoside

Poly HEMA Glucoside

4.2

A gentle, sugar-based humectant that hydrates and leaves a smooth, non-sticky feel on skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Polybeta-Alanine

POLYBETA-ALANINE

4.0

A gentle, water-loving polymer that plumps skin and reduces fine lines without irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Polybutanediol Xylitol Ether

POLY(1,2-BUTANEDIOL)-40 XYLITOL ETHER

4.0

A gentle, sugar-derived humectant that helps hydrate skin without stickiness, though research on its long-term benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Polybutylene Glycol-10

POLYBUTYLENE GLYCOL-10

4.0

A gentle, synthetic humectant that helps hydrate skin and improve product feel without common irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Polydextrose

POLYDEXTROSE

3.8

Polydextrose is a gentle, water-soluble humectant that helps attract moisture to the skin and leaves a light, non-sticky feel.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Polyethylglutamate

Polyethylglutamate

4.0

Polyethylglutamate is a gentle, amino-acid-based humectant that helps skin hold onto moisture without feeling sticky or heavy.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Humectant

Polygamma-Glutamic Acid

POLYGAMMA-GLUTAMIC ACID

4.4

A standout hydrator that can hold thousands of times its weight in water, often outperforming hyaluronic acid in moisture retention.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Polyglutamic Acid

Polyglutamic Acid

4.5

Polyglutamic acid is a standout hydrator that can hold up to four times more water than hyaluronic acid, making it a great choice for dry or dehydrated skin.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Polyglycerin-10

Polyglycerin-10

4.5

Polyglycerin-10 is a gentle, non-sticky humectant that hydrates skin without the tackiness of glycerin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Polyglycerin-20

Polyglycerin-20

4.3

A gentle, effective humectant that hydrates without stickiness, making it a great alternative to glycerin for sensitive or acne-prone skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Humectant

Polyglycerin-3

Polyglycerin-3

4.3

A lightweight, non-sticky humectant that hydrates without clogging pores, making it a great choice for oily and sensitive skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Humectant

Polyglycerin-4

Polyglycerin-4

4.3

Polyglycerin-4 is a lightweight humectant that hydrates without stickiness, making it a great option for oily or combination skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Humectant

Polyglycerin-40

Polyglycerin-40

4.2

A gentle, non-sticky humectant that hydrates the skin without the tackiness of glycerin, making it a great choice for lightweight formulas.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Polyglycerin-6

Polyglycerin-6

4.3

A lightweight, non-sticky humectant that hydrates without clogging pores, ideal for oily and sensitive skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Polyglyceryl Sorbitol

Polyglyceryl Sorbitol

4.2

A mild, effective humectant that hydrates skin without stickiness, suitable for most skin types including sensitive.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Polyglyceryl-3 PCA

POLYGLYCERYL-3 PCA

4.3

A mild, water-loving ingredient that helps your skin hold onto moisture without feeling sticky or heavy.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Polymnia Sonchifolia Root Juice

POLYMNIA SONCHIFOLIA ROOT JUICE

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived humectant that hydrates and soothes skin, but research on its cosmetic benefits is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Polyoxymethylene Glycol Urea

POLYOXYMETHYLENE GLYCOL UREA

3.8

A synthetic humectant that helps hydrate the skin and improve the feel of cosmetic products, with a good safety profile for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Polypropanediol-4

Polypropanediol-4

4.2

A gentle, effective humectant that hydrates skin without the sticky feel of glycerin, making it a great alternative for lightweight formulas.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Polyquaternium-51

POLYQUATERNIUM-51

4.2

A gentle, synthetic humectant that mimics the skin's natural moisturizing factors, offering lasting hydration without stickiness.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Porphyra Tenera Sporophyte Extract

PORPHYRA TENERA SPOROPHYTE EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, hydrating seaweed extract with antioxidant potential, best for soothing and moisturizing sensitive or dry skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidanthumectant
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Humectant

Porphyra Yezoensis Powder

PORPHYRA YEZOENSIS POWDER

4.0

A gentle, nutrient-rich red algae powder that helps hydrate and protect the skin with antioxidant benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectantantioxidant
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Humectant

Porphyridium Cruentum Extract

PORPHYRIDIUM CRUENTUM EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, hydrating microalgae extract that helps skin retain moisture and defends against environmental stress.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectantantioxidant
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Humectant

Postelsia Palm Extract

Postelsia Palmaeformis Thallus Extract

4.0

A gentle, ocean-sourced extract that helps hydrate and calm the skin, but research on its benefits is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
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Surfactant

Potassium Cocoyl PCA

Potassium Cocoyl PCA

4.3

A gentle, coconut-derived cleanser that cleans without stripping and even adds a touch of moisture.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarecleanserhumectant
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Humectant

Potassium Gluconate

Potassium Gluconate

4.0

Potassium Gluconate is a mild humectant and chelator that helps keep your products stable and your skin hydrated without irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectantchelating agent
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Humectant

Potassium Lactate

Potassium Lactate

4.3

Potassium lactate is a mild, effective humectant that helps hydrate skin without the sting often associated with pure lactic acid.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Potassium Magnesium Aspartate

Potassium Magnesium Aspartate

3.8

A gentle mineral-amino acid blend that may help calm stressed skin and support natural hydration, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Potassium Taurate

Potassium Taurate

3.8

Potassium Taurate is a gentle, antioxidant-rich humectant that helps hydrate and protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Potato Pulp Water

Solanum Tuberosum (Potato) Pulp Water

3.8

Potato Pulp Water is a gentle, hydrating ingredient that may help soothe and moisturize the skin, but research is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

PPG-10 Butanediol

PPG-10 Butanediol

4.0

PPG-10 Butanediol is a reliable synthetic humectant that boosts moisture without common irritation, making it a safe choice for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

PPG-10 Glyceryl Ether

PPG-10 Glyceryl Ether

4.0

A gentle, synthetic humectant that pulls moisture into the skin without the stickiness of glycerin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether

PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether

4.0

A gentle, glucose-derived humectant that helps hydrate skin without stickiness, suitable for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

PPG-10 Sorbitol

PPG-10 SORBITOL

4.0

A gentle, synthetic humectant that helps your skin hold onto moisture without feeling sticky or greasy.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

PPG-14 Diglyceryl Ether

PPG-14 DIGLYCERYL ETHER

4.0

A gentle, synthetic humectant that pulls moisture into the skin without feeling sticky or heavy.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

PPG-16 Glyceryl Ether

PPG-16 Glyceryl Ether

4.0

A gentle, synthetic humectant that attracts moisture to the skin without feeling sticky or heavy.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

PPG-18 Diglyceryl Ether

PPG-18 Diglyceryl Ether

4.0

A gentle synthetic humectant that pulls moisture into the skin without feeling sticky or greasy.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

PPG-2 Glyceryl Ether

PPG-2 Glyceryl Ether

3.8

A gentle synthetic humectant that helps keep skin hydrated without the stickiness of glycerin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

PPG-20 Diglyceryl Ether

PPG-20 Diglyceryl Ether

4.0

A gentle, synthetic humectant that attracts moisture to the skin without common irritation concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

PPG-20-Glycereth-30

PPG-20-GLYCERETH-30

4.2

A gentle, water-loving ingredient that pulls moisture into the skin and leaves it feeling smooth without greasiness.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

PPG-24 Diglyceryl Ether

PPG-24 Diglyceryl Ether

4.0

A gentle, synthetic humectant that draws moisture to the skin without common irritation or stickiness.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

PPG-24 Glycereth-24

PPG-24-GLYCERETH-24

4.0

A gentle, synthetic humectant that helps your skin hold onto moisture without feeling sticky or greasy.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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