Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 1,342
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Emulsifier

PEG-12 Sorbitan Trioleate

PEG-12 Sorbitan Trioleate

3.5

A reliable synthetic emulsifier that helps create stable, creamy formulas, but may not suit those avoiding PEGs.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-13 Diphenylol Propane

PEG-13 Diphenylol Propane

3.8

A synthetic emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in formulas, generally considered safe and non-irritating.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-13 Mink Glycerides

PEG-13 MINK GLYCERIDES

3.0

An effective emulsifier with a controversial animal-derived origin; modern alternatives are widely preferred.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-13 Sunflower Glycerides

PEG-13 Sunflower Glycerides

4.0

A mild, sunflower-derived emulsifier that helps blend water and oil in your skincare products without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-130 Glyceryl Tallowate

PEG-130 Glyceryl Tallowate

3.5

PEG-130 Glyceryl Tallowate is a reliable emulsifier that helps mix oil and water, but its animal-derived origin and PEG processing may raise concerns for some users.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-14 Avocado Glycerides

PEG-14 Avocado Glycerides

4.0

A gentle emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in skincare formulas while adding a touch of avocado-derived conditioning.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-14 Dimethicone

PEG-14 Dimethicone

4.0

A gentle silicone emulsifier that improves product texture and spreadability without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-14 Stearate

PEG-14 Stearate

3.8

A reliable synthetic emulsifier that stabilizes creams and lotions, but may be slightly pore-clogging for acne-prone skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-140 Glyceryl Tristearate

PEG-140 Glyceryl Tristearate

3.5

A gentle emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in cleansers and creams, but its PEG backbone raises mild environmental and purity concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-15 Cocoate

PEG-15 COCOATE

3.8

A mild synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in cleansers and lotions, generally considered safe at low concentrations.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-15 Glyceryl Diisostearate

PEG-15 Glyceryl Diisostearate

3.8

A reliable synthetic emulsifier that helps blend oil and water, but may not suit those avoiding PEG compounds.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-15 Glyceryl Isostearate

PEG-15 Glyceryl Isostearate

3.8

A reliable synthetic emulsifier that helps create stable, creamy formulas, but may not suit those avoiding PEGs.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-15 Glyceryl Laurate

PEG-15 Glyceryl Laurate

3.8

A gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps mix water and oil, generally well-tolerated but best for rinse-off products due to potential residue.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-15 Glyceryl Oleate

PEG-15 Glyceryl Oleate

3.8

A reliable emulsifier that helps mix water and oil in your products, but it's synthetic and may not suit those avoiding PEGs.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-15 Glyceryl Ricinoleate

PEG-15 Glyceryl Ricinoleate

3.8

A gentle emulsifier that helps mix water and oil in products, generally well-tolerated but may be drying for very sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-15 Glyceryl Stearate

PEG-15 Glyceryl Stearate

3.8

A reliable synthetic emulsifier that keeps creams and lotions stable, but may not suit those avoiding PEG compounds.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-15 Glyceryl Triisostearate

PEG-15 GLYCERYL TRIISOSTEARATE

3.5

A reliable synthetic emulsifier that helps create stable, creamy formulas, but may not suit those avoiding PEG compounds.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-15 Glyceryl Trioleate

PEG-15 Glyceryl Trioleate

3.5

A reliable emulsifier that helps mix oil and water, but may not suit those avoiding PEG compounds.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-15 Glyceryl Tristearate

PEG-15 Glyceryl Tristearate

3.8

A reliable synthetic emulsifier that helps create smooth, stable creams and lotions with a low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emollient

PEG-15 Hydrogenated Lanolin

PEG-15 Hydrogenated Lanolin

3.5

A gentle, modified lanolin that moisturizes and helps blend water and oil, but may be too heavy for acne-prone skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemollientemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-15 Lanolate

PEG-15 Lanolate

3.8

PEG-15 Lanolate is a gentle emulsifier derived from lanolin, but it may clog pores for acne-prone skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-15 Phytosterol

PEG-15 Phytosterol

4.0

A gentle, plant-based emulsifier that helps stabilize formulas and may support skin barrier function without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-15 Stearamide

PEG-15 Stearamide

3.5

A synthetic emulsifier that helps mix water and oil, generally considered safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-15 Stearate

PEG-15 Stearate

3.8

A reliable emulsifier that helps create smooth, stable creams and lotions, but may be too heavy for very oily or acne-prone skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-15/Laureth Polysiloxane Crosspolymer

PEG-15/LAURYL POLYDIMETHYLSILOXYETHYL DIMETHICONE CROSSPOLYMER

4.0

A gentle silicone emulsifier that improves product feel and stability, but may not suit those avoiding silicones or PEG compounds.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-150 Dibehenate

PEG-150 Dibehenate

3.8

A safe, synthetic thickener that helps create a rich, creamy texture in lotions and conditioners without common irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-150 Dilaurate

PEG-150 Dilaurate

3.8

A safe, widely used synthetic thickener and emulsifier that helps products feel smooth and spread evenly, but may be too heavy for very oily or acne-prone skin in high concentrations.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-150 Dioleate

PEG-150 Dioleate

3.8

A safe, effective thickener and emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in cleansers and lotions, but may feel heavy on very oily skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-150 Distearate

PEG-150 Distearate

4.0

A gentle synthetic thickener and stabilizer that helps create smooth, creamy textures without common irritation concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-150 Oleate

PEG-150 Oleate

3.5

A safe, workhorse emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in your products, but it can feel heavy on very oily or acne-prone skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-150 Stearate

PEG-150 Stearate

4.0

A gentle, widely used emulsifier that stabilizes formulas and gives a smooth feel, with a strong safety record in cosmetics.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-16 Castor Oil

PEG-16 Castor Oil

3.8

PEG-16 Castor Oil is a gentle emulsifier that helps mix oil and water, making it a common ingredient in cleansers and makeup removers, but it may not suit those avoiding PEGs.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-16 Dilaurate

PEG-16 Dilaurate

3.8

PEG-16 Dilaurate is a reliable emulsifier that helps mix water and oil in your products, but it may not be ideal for very sensitive or compromised skin due to potential penetration enhancer effects.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-16 Hydrogenated Castor Oil

PEG-16 Hydrogenated Castor Oil

3.8

A gentle emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in formulas, but may be too heavy for very oily or acne-prone skin in high concentrations.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-16 Lanolin Alcohol Ether

PEG-16 Cetyl/Oleyl/Stearyl/Lanolin Alcohol Ether

3.5

A gentle emulsifier derived from lanolin that helps blend oil and water, but may be slightly comedogenic for acne-prone skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-16 Macadamia Glycerides

PEG-16 Macadamia Glycerides

4.0

A gentle emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in your skincare, while also softening the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-16 Soy Sterol

PEG-16 SOY STEROL

4.0

A gentle, plant-based emulsifier that stabilizes formulas and leaves skin feeling smooth without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-160 Sorbitan Triisostearate

PEG-160 Sorbitan Triisostearate

3.8

A gentle, large-molecule emulsifier that stabilizes oil-and-water blends without significant irritation or clogging concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-17 Dimethicone

PEG-17 Dimethicone

4.0

A gentle silicone emulsifier that helps create smooth, spreadable textures without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-175 Diisostearate

PEG-175 Diisostearate

3.8

A reliable synthetic emulsifier that helps create stable, creamy textures, but may not suit those avoiding PEG compounds.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-175 Distearate

PEG-175 Distearate

4.0

A reliable synthetic emulsifier that stabilizes formulas without significant irritation or clogging concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Surfactant

PEG-18 Glyceryl Oleate/Cocoate

PEG-18 GLYCERYL OLEATE/COCOATE

3.8

A gentle, non-stripping surfactant that helps cleanse without over-drying, making it a good choice for sensitive or dry skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarecleansingemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-18 Palm Glycerides

PEG-18 Palm Glycerides

3.8

A gentle emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in products, with a low risk of irritation for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-18 Palmitate

PEG-18 Palmitate

3.5

A safe, effective emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in creams and cleansers, but may be less suitable for very sensitive skin due to potential mild irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-18 Stearate

PEG-18 Stearate

3.8

A reliable emulsifier that helps keep creams and lotions stable, but may be too heavy for very oily or acne-prone skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-190 Distearate

PEG-190 Distearate

4.0

A gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in creams and lotions, with a low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-2 Castor Oil

PEG-2 Castor Oil

4.0

A gentle emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in skincare products, but may not suit those avoiding all PEG compounds.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-2 Diisostearate

PEG-2 Diisostearate

3.8

A gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps mix water and oil in creams and lotions, with a low risk of irritation or clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-2 Dioleate

PEG-2 Dioleate

3.8

A reliable emulsifier that helps mix water and oil, but may be slightly pore-clogging for acne-prone skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-2 Dirosinate

PEG-2 Dirosinate

3.5

A synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in products, generally considered safe at low concentrations.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-2 Distearate

PEG-2 Distearate

3.8

A reliable synthetic emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in creams and lotions, but may be slightly pore-clogging for acne-prone skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-2 Hydrogenated Castor Oil

PEG-2 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL

3.8

A gentle emulsifier that helps mix oil and water, generally safe for most skin types but may be too heavy for very oily skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-2 Isostearate

PEG-2 Isostearate

3.5

PEG-2 Isostearate is a gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps mix water and oil in creams and lotions, but it may not suit those avoiding all PEG compounds.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

PEG-2 Laurate

PEG-2 Laurate

3.5

A gentle emulsifier that helps mix water and oil in skincare products, generally well-tolerated but not a star active ingredient.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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