Ingredient review
PEG-140 Glyceryl Tristearate
INCI: PEG-140 Glyceryl Tristearate
A gentle emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in cleansers and creams, but its PEG backbone raises mild environmental and purity concerns.
In plain English
PEG-140 Glyceryl Tristearate is a semi-synthetic ingredient made by attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains to a natural fat (glyceryl tristearate). It acts as a bridge between oil and water, allowing them to mix smoothly in products like cleansers and lotions. Because it is a PEG compound, there are minor concerns about potential impurities from its manufacturing process, though cosmetic-grade versions are generally considered safe at low concentrations.
Review score
Safety, usefulness, and evidence
Potentially useful with some tradeoffs
The evidence base is useful, but some claims depend heavily on the formula.
Risk flags are low for most users, though the finished product can still irritate.
- Source
- semi synthetic
- Evidence
- moderate
- Irritation
- low
- Clogging risk
- low
Quick decision guide
Useful, but context matters
PEG-140 Glyceryl Tristearate is generally a lower-concern ingredient when the full formula suits your skin.
Plain-English read
Treat this as a practical screening step before you compare products that contain this ingredient.
- Step 1Start with the score, then check the irritation and clogging risk before judging PEG-140 Glyceryl Tristearate.
- Step 2Use the "Best for" and "Use caution if" sections to match the ingredient to your skin, not just to a marketing claim.
- Step 3If a product stings, breaks you out, or worsens irritation, judge the finished formula and stop using it even if the ingredient scores well.
Score terms in plain English
Irritation risk
lowLess likely to sting, burn, or bother most users, though sensitive skin can still react.
Clogging risk
lowLess likely to feel heavy or contribute to clogged pores for most skin types.
Evidence level
moderateThere is useful support, but formula details and claim strength still matter.
What it is
A semi-synthetic emulsifier created by reacting glyceryl tristearate (a fat derived from stearic acid) with 140 units of ethylene oxide (PEG). It belongs to the PEG fatty acid ester family and is used to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions.
How it works
Its long PEG chain makes it water-soluble while the stearate portion is oil-loving. When added to a formula, it positions itself at the interface of oil and water droplets, reducing surface tension and preventing them from separating. This creates a stable, uniform mixture that feels smooth and spreads easily.
Pros
Effective emulsifier
Stabilizes oil and water mixtures, preventing separation and ensuring a consistent product texture.
Low irritation potential
Generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, when used in properly formulated products.
Cons and cautions
Potential manufacturing impurities
PEG compounds can contain trace levels of ethylene oxide or 1,4-dioxane, though cosmetic-grade ingredients are purified to meet safety standards.
Environmental persistence
PEG derivatives are not readily biodegradable in all conditions, which may be a concern for eco-conscious consumers.
Best for
- People who use creamy cleansers or lotions and want a stable, non-irritating formula
- Those with normal to dry skin who prefer rich textures
Use caution if
- Individuals who strictly avoid all PEG-derived ingredients due to personal preference or environmental concerns
Usage tips
Safety summary
PEG-140 Glyceryl Tristearate is considered safe for cosmetic use at typical concentrations. The main concern is potential contamination with ethylene oxide or 1,4-dioxane, but reputable manufacturers purify the ingredient to meet safety limits. Regulatory bodies like the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) have deemed PEG stearates safe as used.
Research notes
Studies on PEG fatty acid esters indicate low acute toxicity and skin irritation. The CIR Expert Panel reviewed PEG stearates and concluded they are safe in cosmetics when formulated to minimize impurities. No significant human or animal data suggests harm at typical use levels.
Common label clues
- Typical concentration
- 1–10% in rinse-off products; lower in leave-on formulations
- Regulatory status
- Approved for use in cosmetics in the US (FDA), EU (CosIng), and many other regions, with concentration limits typically set by good manufacturing practices.
- Common uses
- Cleansers, Shampoos, Body washes, Lotions, Creams
- Environmental note
- PEG compounds are not fully biodegradable; some can persist in water systems. However, they are used at low levels and are often removed during wastewater treatment.
Good to know
- PEG numbers (like 140) indicate the average number of ethylene oxide units, affecting water solubility and texture
- This ingredient is often used in combination with other emulsifiers to fine-tune product feel
Common questions
What is PEG-140 Glyceryl Tristearate in beauty products?
PEG-140 Glyceryl Tristearate is a semi-synthetic ingredient made by attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains to a natural fat (glyceryl tristearate). It acts as a bridge between oil and water, allowing them to mix smoothly in products like cleansers and lotions. Because it is a PEG compound, there are minor concerns about potential impurities from its manufacturing process, though cosmetic-grade versions are generally considered safe at low concentrations.
What does PEG-140 Glyceryl Tristearate do in a beauty product?
Its long PEG chain makes it water-soluble while the stearate portion is oil-loving. When added to a formula, it positions itself at the interface of oil and water droplets, reducing surface tension and preventing them from separating. This creates a stable, uniform mixture that feels smooth and spreads easily.
Is PEG-140 Glyceryl Tristearate safe for most people?
PEG-140 Glyceryl Tristearate is considered safe for cosmetic use at typical concentrations. The main concern is potential contamination with ethylene oxide or 1,4-dioxane, but reputable manufacturers purify the ingredient to meet safety limits. Regulatory bodies like the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) have deemed PEG stearates safe as used.
Who should be careful with PEG-140 Glyceryl Tristearate?
Individuals who strictly avoid all PEG-derived ingredients due to personal preference or environmental concerns
Research sources
Ingredient reviews are educational and are not medical advice. Patch test new products and ask a licensed clinician about persistent irritation, allergies, pregnancy-specific questions, or diagnosed skin conditions.