Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 20,769
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Buffering Agent

Potassium Polyphosphate

Potassium Polyphosphate

3.5

A synthetic mineral salt that helps keep your skincare products stable and at the right pH, with a low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarestabilizer
Read ingredient review

Preservative

Potassium Propionate

Potassium Propionate

3.8

Potassium Propionate is a mild preservative that helps keep products fresh and stable, but it is not as widely studied as some alternatives.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepreservative
Read ingredient review

Preservative

Potassium Propylparaben

POTASSIUM PROPYLPARABEN

3.5

Potassium propylparaben is an effective preservative but has raised concerns about potential endocrine disruption, leading many brands to phase it out.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepreservative
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Potassium Rapeseedate

POTASSIUM RAPESEEDATE

4.0

A gentle, plant-based soap that effectively cleanses without stripping the skin's natural moisture barrier.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarecleansing
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Potassium Ricinoleate

Potassium Ricinoleate

4.0

A gentle, castor-oil-derived surfactant that helps cleanse without stripping the skin's natural moisture barrier.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Potassium Safflowerate

POTASSIUM SAFFLOWERATE

4.0

A mild, plant-derived soap that cleanses effectively while being gentle enough for sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarecleansing agent
Read ingredient review

Exfoliant

Potassium Salicylate

Potassium Salicylate

4.0

A milder, less irritating version of salicylic acid that helps exfoliate and smooth skin without the typical sting.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareexfoliant
Read ingredient review

Film-Former

Potassium Silicate

POTASSIUM SILICATE

3.5

Potassium Silicate helps create a smooth, protective film on skin but can be drying or irritating at high concentrations.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Buffering agent

Potassium Sodium Tartrate

POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE

3.5

A gentle pH adjuster and chelator that helps stabilize formulas and improve preservative efficacy without irritating skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarechelating agent
Read ingredient review

Preservative

Potassium Sorbate

POTASSIUM SORBATE

4.5

A gentle, widely used preservative that keeps your products fresh without common irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepreservative
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Potassium Soyate

Potassium Soyate

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived cleanser that effectively removes impurities without stripping the skin's natural moisture barrier.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarecleansing agent
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Potassium Stearate

Potassium Stearate

3.8

Potassium Stearate is an effective emulsifier and cleanser, but it can be drying or irritating for sensitive or dry skin types.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Potassium Stearoyl Glutamate

Potassium Stearoyl Glutamate

4.5

A mild, amino-acid-based surfactant that cleanses without stripping the skin, making it ideal for sensitive and dry skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarecleansing
Read ingredient review

Viscosity Controlling

Potassium Sulfate

POTASSIUM SULFATE

3.5

Potassium sulfate is a safe, mild salt used to thicken or adjust pH in cleansers and shampoos, with very low irritation potential.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareviscosity control
Read ingredient review

Depilatory Agent

Potassium Sulfide

POTASSIUM SULFIDE

2.0

Potassium sulfide is an effective depilatory but can be highly irritating to skin and eyes; use with caution and follow product instructions exactly.

Irritation

high

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaredepilatory
Read ingredient review

Preservative

Potassium Sulfite

Potassium Sulfite

3.5

Potassium sulfite is a synthetic preservative and antioxidant, but its potential for irritation and regulatory restrictions make it less common in modern skincare.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepreservative
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Potassium Sunflowerseedate

POTASSIUM SUNFLOWERSEEDATE

4.3

A mild, soap-like cleanser derived from sunflower oil that effectively removes dirt and makeup without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarecleanser
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Potassium Tallowate

Potassium Tallowate

3.5

Potassium Tallowate is a traditional soap ingredient that effectively cleanses but can be drying or irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarecleansing agent
Read ingredient review

Buffering Agent

Potassium Tartrate

POTASSIUM TARTRATE

3.5

Potassium Tartrate is a gentle pH adjuster that helps keep your skincare products stable and at the right acidity, but it doesn't directly improve your skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepH adjuster
Read ingredient review

Humectant

Potassium Taurate

Potassium Taurate

3.8

Potassium Taurate is a gentle, antioxidant-rich humectant that helps hydrate and protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Potassium Taurine Laurate

Potassium Taurine Laurate

4.3

A gentle, amino-acid-based cleanser that effectively removes dirt and oil without stripping the skin barrier.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarecleanser
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Potassium Tetrathionate

POTASSIUM TETRATHIONATE

3.5

A lesser-known antioxidant that may help protect skin from oxidative damage, but research is still early and it's not as well-studied as vitamin C or E.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Preservative

Potassium Thiocyanate

POTASSIUM THIOCYANATE

2.5

Potassium Thiocyanate is a synthetic preservative that helps stabilize formulas, but its use in cosmetics is limited due to potential irritation and toxicity concerns at higher levels.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepreservative
Read ingredient review

Depilatory agent

Potassium Thioglycolate

POTASSIUM THIOGLYCOLATE

3.5

Potassium thioglycolate is a potent depilatory that dissolves hair but can irritate skin if not used carefully.

Irritation

high

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaredepilatory agent
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Potassium Toluenesulfonate

Potassium Toluenesulfonate

3.5

Potassium Toluenesulfonate is a mild synthetic helper that keeps formulas clear and stable, but it offers no direct skin benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarecleansing
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Potassium Trideceth-19 Carboxylate

POTASSIUM TRIDECETH-19 CARBOXYLATE

4.0

A gentle, effective cleanser that removes impurities without stripping the skin, making it a good choice for sensitive or dry skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarecleanser
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Potassium Trideceth-7 Carboxylate

POTASSIUM TRIDECETH-7 CARBOXYLATE

4.0

A gentle, semi-synthetic surfactant that effectively cleanses without over-drying, making it suitable for sensitive or dry skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarecleanser
Read ingredient review

Preservative

Potassium Troclosene

Potassium Troclosene

3.0

Potassium Troclosene is a strong preservative that releases chlorine to kill microbes, but it can be irritating and is rarely used in leave-on skincare.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepreservative
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Potassium Tsubakiate

POTASSIUM TSUBAKIATE

4.0

A mild, plant-derived surfactant that cleanses without stripping the skin, ideal for sensitive or dry skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarecleanser
Read ingredient review

Skin conditioning agent

Potassium Tyrosyl Histidine Olivamide

Potassium Tyrosyl Histidine Olivamide

4.0

A gentle, olive-derived peptide that helps strengthen the skin barrier and improve hydration without irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareconditioning agent
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Potassium Undecylenate

Potassium Undecylenate

3.8

Potassium undecylenate is an effective cleanser with mild antimicrobial properties, but it can be drying or irritating for sensitive skin types.

Irritation

moderate

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarecleansing agent
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Potassium Undecylenoyl Alginate

Potassium Undecylenoyl Alginate

4.0

A gentle film-forming ingredient from seaweed that helps soothe and protect skin and hair without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehaircare
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Potassium Undecylenoyl Glutamate

POTASSIUM UNDECYLENOYL GLUTAMATE

4.3

A mild, amino-acid-based cleanser that effectively removes dirt and oil without stripping the skin’s natural moisture barrier.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarecleanser
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Potassium Xylenesulfonate

Potassium Xylenesulfonate

3.5

A mild synthetic helper that keeps formulas clear and well-mixed, but offers no direct skin benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Potato Callus Extract

Solanum Tuberosum Callus Culture Extract

3.8

A gentle, lab-grown potato cell extract that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Potato Peel Extract

Solanum Tuberosum (Potato) Peel Extract

3.8

Potato Peel Extract is a gentle, antioxidant-rich ingredient that may help protect skin from environmental stress, but research on its cosmetic benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Potato Protein Copolymer

Ethyltrimonium Chloride Methacrylate/Hydrolyzed Potato Protein Copolymer

4.0

A gentle, protein-based conditioning ingredient that helps detangle hair and add softness without heavy buildup.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehaircare
Read ingredient review

Soothing Agent

Potato Pulp Extract

Solanum Tuberosum (Potato) Pulp Extract

3.8

A gentle, plant-based extract that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Humectant

Potato Pulp Water

Solanum Tuberosum (Potato) Pulp Water

3.8

Potato Pulp Water is a gentle, hydrating ingredient that may help soothe and moisturize the skin, but research is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
Read ingredient review

Skin-conditioning agent

Potato SH-Oligopeptide-1

Potato SH-Oligopeptide-1

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived peptide that may help support skin firmness and a more youthful look, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincarepeptide
Read ingredient review

Skin conditioning agent

Potato SH-Oligopeptide-2

Potato SH-Oligopeptide-2

3.8

A gentle, plant-derived peptide that may help improve skin hydration and firmness, but research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarepeptide
Read ingredient review

Anti-aging agent

Potato SH-Polypeptide-1

Potato SH-Polypeptide-1

3.8

A gentle, plant-based peptide that may help improve skin firmness, but research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarepeptide
Read ingredient review

Skin conditioning agent

Potato SH-Polypeptide-11

POTATO SH-POLYPEPTIDE-11

3.8

A gentle, plant-derived peptide that may help support skin structure, but research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareanti-aging
Read ingredient review

Anti-aging agent

Potato SH-Polypeptide-9

Potato SH-Polypeptide-9

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived peptide that may help support skin firmness and reduce fine lines, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincarepeptide
Read ingredient review