Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 20,303
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Emollient

Chimyl Stearate

Chimyl Stearate

4.0

Chimyl Stearate is a gentle emollient that helps soften and condition skin without clogging pores, making it a safe choice for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
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Antioxidant

China Aster Leaf Extract

Callistephus Chinensis Leaf Extract

3.5

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its specific skin benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Chinese Ash Bark Extract

FRAXINUS CHINENSIS BARK EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its cosmetic benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Antioxidant

Chinese Astilbe Root Extract

Astilbe Chinensis Root Extract

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant and soothing potential, but research is still early and benefits are not yet well-established in human skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Antioxidant

Chinese Juniper Extract

JUNIPERUS CHINENSIS XYLEM EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research is limited and benefits are not yet well-established.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Soothing agent

Chinese Lovage Root Extract

Ligusticum Sinense Root Extract

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant and soothing potential, but research in cosmetics is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Antioxidant

Chinese Onion Bulb Extract

ALLIUM CHINENSE BULB EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its cosmetic benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Chinese Quince Callus Extract

Chaenomeles Sinensis Callus Culture Extract

3.8

A gentle plant-based antioxidant from Chinese quince callus culture, with early research suggesting skin-soothing and protective benefits, but more human studies are needed.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Chinese Tamarisk Extract

Tamarix Chinensis Flower/Leaf Extract

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its cosmetic benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Soothing Agent

Chinese Yam Extract

DIOSCOREA POLYSTACHYA EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant and soothing potential, but human skin research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Antioxidant

Chinpi Extract

CITRUS RETICULATA PEEL EXTRACT

4.0

Chinpi Extract is a gentle, antioxidant-rich citrus peel extract that helps protect skin from environmental stress while offering mild soothing benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Film Former

Chitin

Chitin

3.8

Chitin is a gentle, natural film-former that helps skin retain moisture and feel smooth, but it is not a standout hydrator on its own.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarefilm-former
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Film-Former

Chitin Glycolate

Chitin Glycolate

3.8

A gentle, film-forming humectant derived from shellfish that helps lock in moisture and smooth the skin's surface.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
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Film Former

Chitosan

Chitosan

4.0

Chitosan is a gentle, natural film-former that helps lock in moisture and can provide a light, protective barrier on skin or hair.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarefilm-formerhumectant
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Film-Former

Chitosan Argininamide

Chitosan Argininamide

4.0

A gentle, film-forming ingredient that helps lock in moisture and may improve skin feel without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
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Film Former

Chitosan Benzamide

Chitosan Benzamide

3.8

Chitosan Benzamide is a semi-synthetic ingredient that forms a breathable film on skin, potentially improving hydration and helping manage acne, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
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Antioxidant

Chitosan Glutathionamide

Chitosan Glutathionamide

3.8

A novel hybrid ingredient that pairs chitosan's film-forming and hydrating properties with glutathione's antioxidant potential, though research on this specific conjugate is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareantioxidanthumectant
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Film Former

Chitosan Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride

Chitosan Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride

4.0

A gentle, conditioning ingredient that helps hair feel soft and smooth while also offering some antimicrobial and film-forming benefits for skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehaircare
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Film Former

Chitosan Lauramide Succinamide

Chitosan Lauramide Succinamide

3.8

A gentle film-forming ingredient derived from chitosan that helps lock in moisture and improve product feel on skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
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Film Former

Chitosan Lauroyl Glycinate

Chitosan Lauroyl Glycinate

4.0

A gentle, film-forming ingredient that helps skin feel smooth and hydrated without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarefilm former
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Film Former

Chitosan PCA

Chitosan PCA

4.0

Chitosan PCA is a gentle, film-forming humectant that helps skin retain moisture and provides light hold for hair without heavy residue.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehaircare
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Film Former

Chitosan PCA Palmitamide Succinamide

Chitosan PCA Palmitamide Succinamide

3.8

A gentle, film-forming ingredient that helps lock in moisture and may support skin barrier function, but research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarefilm former
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Humectant

Chitosan Propylsulfonate

CHITOSAN PROPYLSULFONATE

4.0

A gentle, water-soluble chitosan derivative that provides light hydration and a protective film on skin and hair.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehaircare
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Film Former

Chitosan Rice Branamide Sulfonate

Sodium Chitosan Rice Branamide Hydroxypropylsulfonate

4.0

A gentle, semi-synthetic ingredient that forms a protective film on hair and skin, improving feel and moisture retention without irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehaircare
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Exfoliant

Chitosan Salicylate

Chitosan Salicylate

4.0

A gentle exfoliant that pairs salicylic acid with a soothing, film-forming biopolymer, making it a good option for acne-prone or sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareexfoliantfilm-former
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Film Former

Chitosan Succinamide

Chitosan Succinamide

4.0

A gentle, water-soluble chitosan derivative that forms a breathable film on skin to lock in moisture and improve texture.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
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Antioxidant

Chlamydocapsa Extract

Chlamydocapsa Extract

3.8

A gentle microalgae extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress and support hydration, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Chlamydomonas Hedleyi Extract

Chlamydomonas Hedleyi Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich microalgae extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress and support hydration.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Preservative

Chloramine T

CHLORAMINE T

3.0

Chloramine T is an effective preservative but can be irritating for sensitive skin, especially in leave-on formulas.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepreservative
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Antioxidant

Chloranthus Glaber Extract

CHLORANTHUS GLABER EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant and soothing potential, but research is limited and benefits are not yet well-established.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Chloranthus Serratus Extract

CHLORANTHUS SERRATUS EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, plant-derived extract with antioxidant and soothing potential, but human skincare research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Humectant

Chlorella and Lupin Ferment

CHLORELLA VULGARIS/LUPINUS ALBUS PROTEIN FERMENT

4.0

A gentle fermented ingredient that may help hydrate and soothe skin, though research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincarehumectant
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Antioxidant

Chlorella Emersonii Extract

Chlorella Emersonii Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich algae extract that may help calm and protect skin, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Chlorella Extract

Chlorella Pyrenoidosa/Sorokiniana Extract

4.0

Chlorella extract is a gentle, algae-derived antioxidant that helps protect skin from environmental stress and supports a healthy-looking complexion.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Emollient

Chlorella Minutissima Oil

Chlorella Minutissima Oil

4.0

A lightweight, nutrient-rich oil from microalgae that hydrates and defends skin without feeling greasy.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareemollient
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Anti-aging

Chlorella Peptide Complex

Chlorella Vulgaris Methionyl Sh-Polypeptide-14 Hexapeptide-40

3.8

A novel peptide blend from chlorella algae that may help firm and hydrate skin, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincarepeptide
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Antioxidant

Chlorella Pyrenoidosa Powder

CHLORELLA PYRENOIDOSA POWDER

4.0

Chlorella pyrenoidosa powder is a gentle, antioxidant-rich algae extract that helps protect skin from environmental stress and supports a healthy-looking complexion.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Chlorella Variabilis Extract

Chlorella Variabilis Extract

4.0

A gentle algae extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress and support a healthy-looking complexion.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Preservative

Chlorhexidine

Chlorhexidine

3.5

Chlorhexidine is a powerful antimicrobial that can help preserve products and treat acne, but it may cause irritation or allergic reactions in some people.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepreservative
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Antimicrobial

Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride

Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride

3.5

Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride is a potent antimicrobial that can help control bacteria on skin, but it may cause irritation in sensitive individuals and is not a standard skincare ingredient for daily use.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareantimicrobial
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Antimicrobial

Chlorhexidine Diundecylenate

Chlorhexidine Diundecylenate

3.5

An antimicrobial ingredient that helps reduce bacteria on skin, but may cause irritation for sensitive types.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepreservative
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Preservative

Chlorine Dioxide

Chlorine Dioxide

3.0

Chlorine dioxide is an effective preservative but can be irritating at higher concentrations; it is not a common skincare active.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepreservative
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Preservative

Chloroacetamide

CHLOROACETAMIDE

2.5

Chloroacetamide is an effective but potentially irritating preservative that has largely been replaced by gentler alternatives in modern cosmetics.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepreservative
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pH Adjuster

Chloroacetic Acid

Chloroacetic Acid

2.5

Chloroacetic acid is a strong synthetic acid rarely used in consumer skincare due to high irritation risk; it appears mostly in professional chemical peels or as a pH adjuster in very low concentrations.

Irritation

high

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareexfoliant
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Preservative

Chlorobutanol

Chlorobutanol

3.5

Chlorobutanol is an effective preservative but can be irritating for sensitive skin and is less common in modern formulations.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepreservative
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Preservative

Chloroethyl PCA

Chloroethyl PCA

3.0

Chloroethyl PCA is a synthetic preservative booster with antimicrobial properties, but its safety data is limited and it may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepreservative
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Antioxidant

Chlorogenic Acids

CHLOROGENIC ACIDS

4.0

Chlorogenic acids are gentle plant antioxidants that help protect skin from environmental stress and may support a more even tone.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Preservative

Chlorophene

CHLOROPHENE

3.5

Chlorophene is an effective preservative but may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals, especially at higher concentrations.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepreservative
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