Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 20,303
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Emulsifier

Sorbitan Olivate

Sorbitan Olivate

4.5

A gentle, olive-derived emulsifier that creates stable, creamy textures with low irritation potential.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

Sorbitan Palmate

Sorbitan Palmate

4.0

A gentle, plant-based emulsifier that helps create stable, creamy formulas without common irritants.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Emulsifier

Sorbitan Sesquicaprylate

Sorbitan Sesquicaprylate

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in formulas without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

Sorbitan Sesquioleate

Sorbitan Sesquioleate

4.0

Sorbitan Sesquioleate is a gentle, effective emulsifier that helps mix water and oil in creams and lotions, with a low risk of irritation or clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

Sorbitan Sesquistearate

SORBITAN SESQUISTEARATE

4.0

A gentle, reliable emulsifier that helps create smooth, stable creams and lotions without common irritation concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Emulsifier

Sorbitan Triisostearate

Sorbitan Triisostearate

3.8

A reliable emulsifier that keeps formulas stable, but may be slightly pore-clogging for acne-prone skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Emulsifier

Sorbitan Trioleate

Sorbitan Trioleate

3.8

Sorbitan Trioleate is a reliable emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in creams and lotions, but it may be moderately comedogenic for acne-prone skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Emulsifier

Sorbitan Tristearate

Sorbitan Tristearate

4.0

Sorbitan Tristearate is a gentle, plant-derived emulsifier that helps create smooth, stable creams and lotions without common irritation or pore-clogging concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Emulsifier

Sorbitan Undecylenate

Sorbitan Undecylenate

4.0

A mild, non-irritating emulsifier that helps blend water and oil in skincare products while offering light skin-conditioning benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Humectant

Sorbitol

Sorbitol

4.0

Sorbitol is a gentle, plant-derived humectant that hydrates the skin without clogging pores, making it a safe choice for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
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Humectant

Sorbityl Acetate

SORBITYL ACETATE

3.8

Sorbityl Acetate is a gentle humectant that helps hydrate the skin and improve product feel, but it is less studied than classic humectants like glycerin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Hair Conditioning Agent

Sorbityl Dimonium Anisate

Sorbityl Dimonium Anisate

4.0

A mild, plant-based conditioning ingredient that softens hair and helps control odor-causing microbes without harshness.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehaircare
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Emulsifier

Sorbityl Laurate

SORBITYL LAURATE

4.0

A gentle, effective emulsifier that helps create stable, creamy textures without common irritation concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Humectant

Sorbityl Silanediol

Sorbityl Silanediol

4.0

A modern humectant that pulls moisture into skin while leaving a smooth, non-sticky finish — great for dry or dehydrated skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehumectantskin conditioning agent
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Humectant

Sorbityl Vanillinal

Sorbityl Vanillinal

3.8

A gentle, semi-synthetic humectant that helps hydrate skin and may offer mild antioxidant protection, but research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Antioxidant

Sorbus Bark & Leaf Extract

Sorbaria sorbifolia bark/leaf extract

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research is still early and benefits are not yet proven in human skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Sorbus Commixta Berry Extract

Sorbus Commixta Berry Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich berry extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Emollient

Sorbus Commixta Berry Oil

SORBUS COMMIXTA BERRY OIL

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich oil that hydrates and soothes without clogging pores, though research on its specific benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Sorbus Commixta Branch Extract

SORBUS COMMIXTA BRANCH EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, plant-based antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Sorghum Extract

SORGHUM VULGARE SEED/SKIN/STALK EXTRACT

4.0

Sorghum extract is a gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical that helps calm skin and protect against environmental stress.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Sorghum Leaf/Stem Extract

SORGHUM BICOLOR LEAF/STEM EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived antioxidant that may help calm skin and defend against environmental stress, though human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Humectant

Sorghum Stalk Juice

SORGHUM BICOLOR STALK JUICE

3.8

A gentle, plant-derived humectant that helps hydrate and soothe skin, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
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Antioxidant

Souhakuhi Extract

Phellodendron Amurense Bark Extract

4.0

A gentle botanical extract that helps calm irritation and defend against environmental stress, ideal for sensitive or reactive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Sour Cherry Bud Extract

Prunus Cerasus Bud Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract from sour cherry buds that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Sour Cherry Flower Extract

Prunus Cerasus Flower Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich flower extract that may help calm and protect skin, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Sour Cherry Fruit Extract

Prunus Cerasus Fruit Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich fruit extract that offers mild exfoliation and brightening benefits, suitable for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Humectant

Sour Cherry Fruit Water

Prunus Cerasus Fruit Water

3.8

A gentle, naturally derived hydrating base with mild antioxidant benefits, best for normal to dry skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
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Antioxidant

Sour Cherry Leaf Extract

Prunus Cerasus Leaf Extract

3.8

A gentle, plant-based antioxidant that may help calm skin and defend against environmental stress, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Soursop Bark Extract

Annona Muricata Bark Extract

3.5

A plant-based antioxidant extract that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but human research is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Antioxidant

Soursop Fruit Extract

Anona muricata fruit extract

3.8

A gentle fruit extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its topical benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Soursop Leaf and Stem Extract

ANNONA MURICATA LEAF/STEM EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its skincare benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Soursop Seedcake Powder

Annona Muricata Seedcake Powder

3.5

A gentle, natural powdered exfoliant from soursop seeds, but research on its skincare benefits is still limited.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Soothing agent

Southernwood Extract

Artemisia Abrotanum Leaf/Stem Extract

3.8

A gentle botanical extract that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Antioxidant

Sow Thistle Juice Extract

Sonchus Oleraceus Juice Extract

3.8

A gentle, plant-based extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its skincare benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Antioxidant

Soy Adventitious Root Extract

Glycine Max Adventitious Root Extract

3.8

A gentle, plant-derived antioxidant that may help calm skin and protect against environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Soy Callus Culture Extract

Glycine Max (Soybean) Callus Culture Extract

4.0

A gentle, lab-grown soybean extract that helps protect skin from environmental stress and may support a more even tone.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

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Antioxidant

Soy Callus Extract

Glycine Max Callus Extract

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived antioxidant that may help calm skin and protect against environmental stress, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Humectant

Soy Ferment

SACCHAROMYCES/SOY PROTEIN FERMENT

4.0

A gentle, fermented ingredient that helps hydrate and support the skin barrier without irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincarehumectantconditioning agent
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Exfoliant

Soy Fiber

Glycine Soja Fiber

3.8

Soy fiber is a gentle, natural exfoliant that helps smooth skin without harsh microbeads, but it may not suit very sensitive or acne-prone skin if left on.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Soy Flour

Glycine Soja Flour

3.8

Soy Flour is a gentle, natural exfoliant that also helps soothe and condition the skin, making it a good choice for sensitive skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Soy Flower Leaf Stem Juice

Glycine Max (Soybean) Flower/Leaf/Stem Juice

3.8

A gentle, water-based extract from soybean leaves and stems that may help calm and protect skin, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Soy Germ Extract

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Germ Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract from soybean sprouts that may help support skin firmness and hydration without irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Soy Hull Extract

Glycine Soja Hull

4.0

A gentle, plant-based antioxidant that helps protect skin from environmental stress without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Soy Leaf Cell Extract

Glycine Max Leaf Cell Extract

4.0

A gentle plant-based antioxidant that may help shield skin from pollution and UV damage, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Humectant

Soy Milk

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Milk

4.0

Soy milk is a mild, hydrating ingredient that can help soothe and soften skin, but it is not a substitute for medical treatments.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
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Skin Conditioning Agent

Soy Peptide

Glycine Soja Peptide

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived peptide that may help support skin firmness and hydration with minimal irritation risk.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Soy Phyto-Placenta Extract

Glycine Max (Soybean) Phyto-Placenta Extract

3.5

A plant-based alternative to placenta extracts that may offer antioxidant and skin-conditioning benefits, but human research is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Skin conditioning agent

Soy Phytoplacenta Extract

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Phytoplacenta Extract

3.5

A botanical extract from soybeans that may offer antioxidant and skin-conditioning benefits, but human evidence is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Humectant

Soy Protein Ferment

RAHNELLA/SOY PROTEIN FERMENT

4.0

A gentle, fermented soy protein that helps hydrate and calm the skin, suitable for sensitive types.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincarehumectant
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Film-Forming Agent

Soy Protein Phthalate

SOY PROTEIN PHTHALATE

3.5

A modified soy protein that helps products form a flexible film on skin or hair, but its phthalate modification raises questions for cautious consumers.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
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Exfoliant

Soy Seed Powder

Glycine Soja Seed Powder

4.0

A natural, gentle exfoliant that polishes skin without harsh microbeads, suitable for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Soy Seedcoat Extract

Glycine Max Seedcoat Extract

4.0

A gentle, plant-based antioxidant that helps defend skin from environmental stress and may support a more even tone.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Soy Sprout Extract

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Sprout Extract

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived antioxidant that helps protect skin from environmental stress and may calm irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Emollient

Soy Sterol Acetate

SOY STEROL ACETATE

4.0

A gentle, plant-based emollient that mimics the skin's natural lipids to support barrier function and softness.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Skin Conditioning

Soy Symbiosome Extract

Glycine Max Symbiosome Extract

4.0

A gentle, biotech-derived soybean extract that may support skin firmness and antioxidant defense, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
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