Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 20,303
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Antioxidant

Sophora Japonica Flower Powder

SOPHORA JAPONICA FLOWER POWDER

3.8

A gentle botanical powder rich in antioxidants that may help calm skin and protect against environmental stressors, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical
Read ingredient review

Soothing agent

Sophora Japonica Root Extract

Sophora Japonica Root Extract

4.0

A gentle botanical extract that helps calm skin and fight free radicals, but research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
Read ingredient review

Soothing Agent

Sophora Root Powder

Sophora Flavescens Root Powder

3.8

A gentle botanical powder that may help calm skin and provide antioxidant support, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Sophronitis Dayana Callus Extract

Sophronitis Dayana Callus Extract

3.5

A trendy orchid-derived ingredient with antioxidant potential, but human studies are scarce and it's mainly found in high-end products.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Sorbeth-12 Hexacocoate

SORBETH-12 HEXACOCOATE

4.0

A mild, coconut-derived cleansing agent that helps remove dirt and oil without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarecleansing
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Emulsifier

Sorbeth-150 Hexastearate

SORBETH-150 HEXASTEARATE

4.0

A reliable emulsifier that helps create smooth, stable creams and lotions with a pleasant texture.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

Sorbeth-160 Tristearate

SORBETH-160 TRISTEARATE

4.0

A reliable emulsifier that creates smooth, stable creams without common irritation concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
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Emulsifier

Sorbeth-2 Beeswax

SORBETH-2 BEESWAX

4.0

A gentle emulsifier that helps creams and lotions feel smooth and stable without heavy residue.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Sorbeth-2 Cocoate

SORBETH-2 COCOATE

4.0

A gentle, coconut-derived surfactant that cleans without stripping the skin — ideal for sensitive or dry skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarecleansing
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Emulsifier

Sorbeth-2 Hexaisostearate

SORBETH-2 HEXAISOSTEARATE

4.0

A reliable, low-irritation emulsifier that helps create stable, creamy formulas without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Sorbeth-2 Hexalaurate

SORBETH-2 HEXALAURATE

4.0

A gentle, semi-synthetic surfactant that helps cleanse without stripping the skin's natural moisture barrier.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-2 Hexaoleate

SORBETH-2 HEXAOLEATE

3.5

Sorbeth-2 Hexaoleate is a safe, effective emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in cleansers and creams, but it offers no direct skin benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Sorbeth-20

SORBETH-20

4.0

Sorbeth-20 is a gentle, water-soluble surfactant that helps cleanse without stripping the skin, making it a good choice for sensitive skin formulations.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
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Emulsifier

Sorbeth-20 Beeswax

SORBETH-20 BEESWAX

4.0

A gentle emulsifier that helps creamy products feel smooth and stable without heavy irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-20 Tetraisostearate

SORBETH-20 TETRAISOSTEARATE

4.0

A mild, water-loving emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in your products without stripping your skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Sorbeth-222 Hexa(Aminoethyl Ether)

SORBETH-222 HEXA(AMINOETHYL ETHER)

3.5

A synthetic surfactant that helps cleanse and condition skin and hair, but may cause mild irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
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Emulsifier

Sorbeth-230 Tetraoleate

SORBETH-230 TETRAOLEATE

4.0

A gentle, large-molecule emulsifier that helps blend oil and water without irritating the skin, making it a good choice for sensitive formulas.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-3 Isostearate

SORBETH-3 ISOSTEARATE

4.0

A gentle emulsifier that helps mix water and oil in your skincare products without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-3 Tristearate

SORBETH-3 TRISTEARATE

4.0

A gentle emulsifier that helps mix water and oil in creams and lotions, with a low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Humectant

Sorbeth-30

SORBETH-30

4.0

Sorbeth-30 is a gentle, water-loving humectant that helps hydrate the skin and improve product texture without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
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Emulsifier

Sorbeth-30 Pentaisostearate

SORBETH-30 PENTAISOSTEARATE

4.0

A reliable, low-irritation emulsifier that helps create stable, creamy formulas without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-30 Tetraisostearate

SORBETH-30 TETRAISOSTEARATE

4.0

A gentle emulsifier that helps oil and water mix, making creams and lotions smooth and stable without heavy irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-30 Tetraoleate

SORBETH-30 TETRAOLEATE

3.8

A reliable synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in creams and lotions, generally considered safe for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-30 Tetraoleate Laurate

SORBETH-30 TETRAOLEATE LAURATE

3.8

A gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in cleansers and creams, generally well-tolerated but not a star active ingredient.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-4 Tetraoleate

SORBETH-4 TETRAOLEATE

3.8

A gentle emulsifier that helps mix water and oil in creams and lotions, with a low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Sorbeth-40

SORBETH-40

4.0

Sorbeth-40 is a gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in cleansers and lotions, with a low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-40 Hexaoleate

SORBETH-40 HEXAOLEATE

3.5

A reliable emulsifier that helps mix water and oil in creams and lotions, but may be too heavy for very oily or acne-prone skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-40 Pentaoleate

SORBETH-40 PENTAOLEATE

4.0

A gentle emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in creams and lotions, with a low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-40 Tetraisostearate

SORBETH-40 TETRAISOSTEARATE

4.0

A reliable, low-irritation emulsifier that helps create smooth, stable lotions and creams without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-40 Tetraoleate

SORBETH-40 TETRAOLEATE

3.8

A reliable emulsifier that helps create stable, creamy formulas, but may not suit those avoiding ethoxylated ingredients.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-450 Tristearate

SORBETH-450 TRISTEARATE

3.5

A gentle emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in creams and lotions, but its PEG backbone raises mild environmental and purity concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-5

SORBETH-5

4.0

Sorbeth-5 is a gentle, PEG-based emulsifier that helps mix water and oil in formulas, with a low risk of irritation for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-50 Hexaoleate

SORBETH-50 HEXAOLEATE

3.5

A gentle emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in cleansers and creams, but may be less common in modern 'clean' beauty due to PEG concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-50 Pentaisostearate

SORBETH-50 PENTAISOSTEARATE

4.0

A gentle, effective emulsifier that helps create stable, creamy textures without common irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-50 Tetraisostearate

SORBETH-50 TETRAISOSTEARATE

4.0

A gentle, water-soluble emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in cleansers and creams without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Sorbeth-6

SORBETH-6

3.8

Sorbeth-6 is a gentle, synthetic ingredient that helps products clean and mix without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-6 Beeswax

SORBETH-6 BEESWAX

3.8

A gentle emulsifier that helps creams and lotions stay smooth and stable, but it is processed with ethoxylation, which raises mild purity concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-6 Hexastearate

SORBETH-6 HEXASTEARATE

3.8

Sorbeth-6 Hexastearate is a gentle emulsifier that helps create stable, smooth creams and lotions with a pleasant feel, but it is not a star active ingredient.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-6 Laurate

SORBETH-6 LAURATE

4.0

A gentle emulsifier that helps mix oil and water, making cleansers and creams feel smooth without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-6 Tetraoleate

SORBETH-6 TETRAOLEATE

3.8

A reliable synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in your products, generally well-tolerated but not a star active ingredient.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Sorbeth-60 Tetraoleate

SORBETH-60 TETRAOLEATE

4.0

A mild, oil-loving emulsifier that helps rinse away makeup and sunscreen without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarecleanseremulsifier
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Emulsifier

Sorbeth-60 Tetrastearate

SORBETH-60 TETRASTEARATE

4.0

A reliable emulsifier that creates smooth, stable creams and lotions with low irritation potential.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-7

SORBETH-7

3.8

Sorbeth-7 is a gentle emulsifier that helps mix water and oil in your skincare products, making them feel smooth and stable without heavy irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbeth-8 Beeswax

SORBETH-8 BEESWAX

4.0

A gentle emulsifier that helps blend water and oil in creams and lotions, with a low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Preservative

Sorbic Acid

Sorbic Acid

4.0

Sorbic acid is a gentle, naturally derived preservative that helps keep your products fresh and safe from microbial growth.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarepreservative
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Fragrance Ingredient

Sorbic Alcohol

2,4-HEXADIENOL

3.5

Sorbic alcohol is a mild fragrance ingredient and preservative helper, generally safe but with limited direct skin benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Emulsifier

Sorbitan Cocoate

Sorbitan Cocoate

4.3

A mild, coconut-derived emulsifier that helps create stable, creamy formulas without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbitan Diisostearate

Sorbitan Diisostearate

4.0

A gentle, reliable emulsifier that keeps oil and water mixed without irritating most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbitan Dioleate

Sorbitan Dioleate

3.8

Sorbitan Dioleate is a gentle emulsifier that helps keep oil and water mixed in your skincare products, but it offers no direct skin benefits on its own.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbitan Distearate

Sorbitan Distearate

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived emulsifier that helps create smooth, stable creams and lotions with minimal irritation risk.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbitan Isostearate

Sorbitan Isostearate

4.0

A gentle emulsifier that keeps oil and water mixed in creams and lotions, with a low risk of irritation or clogged pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Sorbitan Laurate

Sorbitan Laurate

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived emulsifier that helps create stable, creamy textures without common irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review