Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 20,303
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Antioxidant

Sclareolide

Sclareolide

4.0

Sclareolide is a gentle antioxidant from clary sage that helps calm skin and fight free radical damage, making it a nice addition to anti-aging and soothing formulas.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Soothing Agent

Scleranthus Annus Flower Extract

SCLERANTHUS ANNUUS FLOWER EXTRACT

3.8

A mild botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research is limited and benefits are not well-established.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Thickener

Sclerotium Gum

SCLEROTIUM GUM

4.5

A gentle, natural thickener that gives products a silky feel and helps stabilize formulas without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaretexturizer
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Antioxidant

Scoparia Dulcis Extract

SCOPARIA DULCIS FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant and soothing potential, though research is still early and benefits are not yet proven in large human studies.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Antioxidant

Scoparone

SCOPARONE

3.8

Scoparone is a plant-derived antioxidant that may help calm skin and protect against environmental stress, but research in cosmetics is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Soothing Agent

Scordinine

Scordinine

3.5

Scordinine is a plant alkaloid with emerging research suggesting mild soothing benefits, but it is not widely studied in cosmetic formulations.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing agent
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Anti-aging agent

Scorpion Oligopeptide-1 Amide

S-Scorpion Oligopeptide-1 Amide

3.5

A novel synthetic peptide that may help firm skin and soften lines, but research is still early and results vary.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepeptide
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Anti-wrinkle agent

Scorpion Peptide Complex

SH-Polypeptide-2, Egyptian Scorpion Oligopeptide-1

3.5

A synthetic peptide that mimics scorpion venom to temporarily relax expression lines, but research is still early and results vary.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarepeptide
Read ingredient review

Fragrance

Scotch Pine Twig Leaf Oil

Pinus Sylvestris Twig Leaf Oil

3.8

A natural essential oil that adds a fresh pine scent to products but may cause irritation in sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Soothing Agent

Scrophularia Root Extract

SCROPHULARIA KORAIENSIS ROOT EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich root extract that may help calm skin, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Soothing Agent

Scurvy Grass Extract

COCHLEARIA OFFICINALIS FLOWER/LEAF/STALK EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with traditional use for soothing skin, though modern research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing agent
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Antioxidant

Scurvygrass Leaf Extract

Cochlearia Officinalis Leaf Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical extract that may help calm skin and provide mild environmental protection, though human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Antioxidant

Scutellaria Root Extract

Scutellaria Galericulata Root Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich root extract that helps calm skin and defend against environmental stress without causing irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Solvent

SD Alcohol 1

SD ALCOHOL 1

3.5

SD Alcohol 1 is a fast-evaporating solvent that can help products feel lightweight but may be drying and irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

high

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresolvent
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Solvent

SD Alcohol 23-A

SD ALCOHOL 23-A

3.5

SD Alcohol 23-A is a fast-evaporating solvent that can help products feel lightweight but may be drying or irritating for some skin types.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresolvent
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Solvent

SD Alcohol 23-F

SD ALCOHOL 23-F

3.5

Effective for quick-drying and oil control, but can be drying and irritating for sensitive or dry skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresolvent
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Solvent

SD Alcohol 23-H

SD ALCOHOL 23-H

3.5

SD Alcohol 23-H is a fast-evaporating solvent that can help products feel lightweight but may dry or irritate sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresolvent
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Solvent

SD Alcohol 27-B

SD Alcohol 27-B

3.5

SD Alcohol 27-B is a fast-evaporating solvent that can help products feel lightweight but may be drying or irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

high

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresolvent
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Solvent

SD Alcohol 31-A

SD ALCOHOL 31-A

3.5

SD Alcohol 31-A is a strong drying solvent that can help with oil control and product feel but may irritate sensitive or dry skin.

Irritation

high

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresolvent
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Solvent

SD Alcohol 36

SD ALCOHOL 36

3.0

SD Alcohol 36 is a fast-drying solvent that can help with oil control and product penetration, but it may strip the skin barrier and cause irritation with frequent use.

Irritation

high

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresolvent
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Solvent

SD Alcohol 37

SD ALCOHOL 37

3.0

SD Alcohol 37 helps products dry fast and feel clean, but can be drying and irritating for sensitive or dry skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresolvent
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Solvent

SD Alcohol 38-B

SD Alcohol 38-B

3.5

SD Alcohol 38-B is a fast-evaporating solvent that can help products feel lightweight but may be drying or irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresolvent
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Solvent

SD Alcohol 38-C

SD ALCOHOL 38-C

3.5

SD Alcohol 38-C helps products dry quickly and feel light, but can be drying or irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresolvent
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Solvent

SD Alcohol 38-D

SD Alcohol 38-D

3.5

SD Alcohol 38-D is a fast-drying solvent that can help other ingredients penetrate, but it may be drying or irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresolvent
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Solvent

SD Alcohol 38-F

SD ALCOHOL 38-F

3.5

SD Alcohol 38-F is a fast-evaporating solvent that can help products feel lightweight but may be drying or irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresolvent
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Solvent

SD Alcohol 39-D

SD Alcohol 39-D

3.0

SD Alcohol 39-D is a fast-evaporating solvent that can help control oil and enhance product feel, but it may dry and irritate sensitive or dry skin.

Irritation

high

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresolvent
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Solvent

SD Alcohol 40-B

Alcohol Denat.

3.5

Effective for quick-drying and oil control, but can be drying and irritating for sensitive or dry skin types.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresolvent
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Solvent

SD Alcohol 46

SD ALCOHOL 46

3.5

SD Alcohol 46 helps products dry quickly and feel refreshing, but it can be drying and irritating for sensitive or dry skin types.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresolvent
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Antioxidant

Sea Aster Extract

Aster Tripolium Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that may help calm skin and protect against environmental stress.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sea Bamboo Extract

Phyllospadix iwatensis extract

3.8

A gentle marine plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research is still early and benefits are not yet proven in human skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sea Blite Extract

Suaeda Maritima Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract from a salt-tolerant plant that may help calm and protect skin, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sea Blite Powder

Suaeda Maritima Flower/Leaf/Stem Powder

3.5

A gentle botanical powder from a salt-tolerant plant, offering antioxidant benefits but with limited research in cosmetic use.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical
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Antioxidant

Sea Buckthorn Callus Extract

HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES CALLUS EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract from sea buckthorn callus cells that may help soothe and protect the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sea Buckthorn Ferment Filtrate

SACCHAROMYCES/HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES FRUIT FERMENT FILTRATE

4.0

A gentle fermented fruit extract that helps soothe and protect the skin with antioxidants.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sea Buckthorn Ferment Oil

KLUYVEROMYCES/LACTOBACILLUS/HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES OIL FERMENT FILTRATE

4.3

A fermented sea buckthorn oil that combines natural antioxidants with probiotic benefits for soothing and nourishing the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sea Buckthorn Fruit Water

Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Water

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich water from sea buckthorn fruit that hydrates and soothes skin without the oiliness of the seed oil.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Exfoliant

Sea Buckthorn Husk Powder

HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES HUSK POWDER

4.0

A gentle, natural exfoliating powder rich in antioxidants, ideal for sensitive skin types looking for mild physical exfoliation.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareexfoliant
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Antioxidant

Sea Buckthorn Kernel Extract

HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES KERNEL EXTRACT

4.3

A gentle, antioxidant-rich oil extract that helps soothe and nourish the skin without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sea Buckthorn Leaf Powder

Hippophae Rhamnoides Leaf Powder

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical powder that may help calm skin and provide mild exfoliation, though research on its topical benefits is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sea Buckthorn Seed Powder

HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES SEED POWDER

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich powder that can help soothe and lightly exfoliate skin without stripping it.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Absorbent

Sea Clay Extract

Sea Clay Extract

3.8

A gentle, mineral-rich clay extract that helps absorb excess oil and impurities without over-drying, suitable for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareabsorbent
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Humectant

Sea Cucumber Ferment Filtrate

BACILLUS/SEA CUCUMBER FERMENT EXTRACT FILTRATE

3.8

A fermented sea cucumber extract that may help hydrate and calm the skin, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincarehumectant
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Antioxidant

Sea Fennel Callus Culture Filtrate

Crithmum Maritimum Callus Culture Filtrate

4.0

A gentle, lab-grown antioxidant from sea fennel that helps calm skin and fight environmental stress without irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sea Fennel Callus Extract

CRITHMUM MARITIMUM CALLUS EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract from sea fennel callus that helps protect skin from environmental stress and supports a calm, even complexion.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sea Fennel Powder

Crithmum Maritimum Powder

4.0

Sea fennel powder is a gentle botanical ingredient that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical
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Antioxidant

Sea Firefly Ferment

PYROCYSTIS NOCTILUCA LYSATE

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich algae ferment that may help calm skin and fight environmental stress, though human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sea Grape Fruit Extract

Coccoloba uvifera fruit extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich fruit extract that helps protect skin from environmental stress and may calm irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sea Hare Ferment Filtrate

Bacillus/Kuroda's Sea Hare Extract Ferment Filtrate

3.8

A novel fermented marine ingredient with antioxidant potential, but human studies are scarce and it's best used as a supporting rather than star ingredient.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sea Holly Callus Culture Filtrate

ERYNGIUM MARITIMUM CALLUS CULTURE FILTRATE

4.0

A lab-grown sea holly extract that may help calm skin and fight environmental stress, but human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sea Holly Callus Extract

ERYNGIUM MARITIMUM CALLUS CULTURE EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, plant-based antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress and support a calm complexion.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sea Kale Extract

Crambe Maritima Extract

3.8

Sea kale extract is a gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical that may help soothe skin and protect against environmental stress, but research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sea Kale Leaf Extract

Crambe Maritima Leaf Extract

3.8

A gentle, plant-based antioxidant that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sea Lavender Extract

Limonium Narbonense Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract

3.8

Sea lavender extract is a gentle botanical antioxidant that may help calm skin and fight environmental stress, but research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Humectant

Sea Lettuce Extract

Ulva Linza Extract

4.0

A gentle seaweed extract that helps hydrate and calm the skin, but research on its specific benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectant
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Antioxidant

Sea Lotus Extract

LOTUS MARITIMUS FLOWER/LEAF EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle botanical extract that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Soothing agent

Sea Mayweed Extract

Tripleurospermum maritimum extract

4.0

A gentle, chamomile-relative extract that may help calm irritated skin and provide antioxidant protection, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing agent
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Soothing agent

Sea Mayweed Powder

Matricaria Maritima Powder

3.8

A gentle, plant-based powder that may help calm irritated skin and provide antioxidant protection, though research is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical
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Skin conditioning agent

Sea Raven Polypeptide-1

SR-SEA RAVEN POLYPEPTIDE-1

3.8

A novel peptide that may help support skin firmness, but research is still early and benefits are not yet proven in large human studies.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareanti-aging
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Antioxidant

Sea Rocket Extract

Cakile Maritima Extract

3.8

A gentle, plant-derived extract with antioxidant and soothing potential, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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