Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 20,303
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Antioxidant

Saccharomyces/Manganese Ferment

SACCHAROMYCES/MANGANESE FERMENT

4.0

A gentle, biotech-derived antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though human research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Humectant

Saccharomyces/Potassium Ferment

SACCHAROMYCES/POTASSIUM FERMENT

4.0

A gentle fermented yeast ingredient that helps hydrate and support the skin barrier, especially beneficial for dry or sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincarehumectant
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Skin conditioning agent

Saccharomyces/Silicon Ferment

SACCHAROMYCES/SILICON FERMENT

4.0

A gentle, biotech-derived ingredient that combines yeast ferment with silicon to support skin comfort and a healthy-looking barrier.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareconditioning agent
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Antioxidant

Sacred Fig Stem Extract

Ficus Religiosa Stem Extract

3.8

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research is still early and benefits are not yet proven in human skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sacred Lotus Flower Extract

Nelumbium Speciosum Flower Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical extract that helps soothe and protect the skin from environmental stress.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidantsoothing
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Humectant

Sacrum Exopolysaccharides

Aphanothece Sacrum Exopolysaccharides

4.0

A unique, jelly-like polysaccharide from a rare algae that helps hydrate and soothe skin while forming a protective film.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectantfilm-former
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Antioxidant

Safflower Bud Extract

CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS BUD EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that helps protect skin from environmental stress and may calm irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Safflower Callus Extract

CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS CALLUS EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, plant-derived antioxidant that may help soothe skin and fight free radicals, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Skin conditioning

Safflower Ferment Extract

Pseudozyma Epicola/Safflower Seed Oil Ferment Extract Filtrate

4.0

A gentle, fermented ingredient that helps calm irritation and supports a healthy skin barrier, ideal for sensitive or reactive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincaresoothing agent
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Soothing agent

Safflower Flower Juice

CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS FLOWER JUICE

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich flower water that can help calm skin, but it's not a powerhouse ingredient on its own.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing
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Exfoliant

Safflower Flower Powder

CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS FLOWER POWDER

3.8

A gentle, natural exfoliating powder from safflower petals that also adds a warm hue and antioxidant benefits to skincare products.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareexfoliant
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Soothing Agent

Safflower Flower Water

Carthamus Tinctorius Flower Water

3.8

A mild, floral water that can add light hydration and a soothing touch to skincare, but its benefits are subtle and not as well-researched as other ingredients.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing
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Emollient

Safflower Glyceride

SAFFLOWER GLYCERIDE

4.0

A mild, plant-based emollient that helps soften and smooth skin without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareemollient
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Emollient

Safflower Oleosomes

CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS OLEOSOMES

4.0

Safflower oleosomes are a gentle, plant-based moisturizing ingredient that mimics the skin's own lipid structure, offering lightweight hydration without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareemollient
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Antioxidant

Safflower Seedcake Extract

CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS SEEDCAKE EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract from safflower seed byproducts that may help calm and protect skin, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Safflower Sprout Extract

Carthamus Tinctorius Sprout Extract

4.0

A gentle, plant-based antioxidant that may help calm and protect skin, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Surfactant

Saffloweroyl Cysteine

SAFFLOWEROYL CYSTEINE

4.0

A mild, amino-acid-based cleanser that gently removes dirt without stripping the skin barrier.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarecleansing
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Antioxidant

Saffron Callus Extract

Crocus Sativus Callus Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract from saffron that may help calm skin and protect against environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Saffron Flower Extract

Crocus Sativus Flower Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical extract that may help brighten skin and fight free radical damage, but its high cost and limited clinical data mean it's often used more for marketing than proven results.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Saffron Leaf Cell Culture Extract

Crocus Sativus Leaf Cell Culture Extract

4.0

A gentle, lab-grown saffron extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress and calm irritation, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Saffron Meristem Cell Extract

Crocus Sativus Meristem Cell Extract

4.0

A gentle plant stem cell extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress and support a more even tone.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Saffron Style Extract

Crocus Sativus Style Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract from saffron that may help brighten skin and protect against environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sage Extract

Salvia Officinalis Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract

4.0

Sage extract offers antioxidant and soothing benefits, but its astringent properties may be drying for some skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Soothing Agent

Sage Flower/Leaf/Stem Water

Salvia Officinalis Flower/Leaf/Stem Water

3.8

A mild, aromatic water that can soothe skin and provide antioxidant benefits, but is not a powerhouse active ingredient.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing
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Antioxidant

Sage Juice

Salvia Officinalis Flower/Leaf/Stem Juice

3.8

Sage juice is a gentle, antioxidant-rich water extract that can help soothe and protect skin, but it is not a powerhouse active and may cause sensitivity in rare cases.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sage Leaf Extract

Salvia Officinalis Leaf Extract

4.0

Sage leaf extract offers antioxidant protection and mild soothing benefits, but its astringent properties may be drying for some skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Astringent

Sage Leaf Water

Salvia Officinalis Leaf Water

3.8

Sage Leaf Water offers gentle astringency and antioxidant benefits, making it a nice addition to toners and mists for normal to oily skin, but it's not a powerhouse active.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical
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Antioxidant

Sage Root Extract

Salvia Officinalis Root Extract

3.8

Sage root extract is a gentle antioxidant that may help calm skin and protect against environmental stress, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sagebrush Extract

Artemisia Tridentata Extract

3.8

Sagebrush extract is a gentle botanical with antioxidant potential, but research on its skincare benefits is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Fragrance

Sagebrush Leaf/Stem Oil

ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA LEAF/STEM OIL

3.5

A fragrant botanical oil with traditional uses, but limited modern research on its specific skincare benefits and a moderate risk of skin irritation.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Antioxidant

Sageretia Extract

Sageretia Theezans Branch/Leaf Extract

3.5

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its specific benefits for skin is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Antioxidant

Sageretia Thea Leaf Extract

Sageretia Thea Leaf Extract

3.8

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research is limited and benefits are not yet proven in human skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Texturizer

Sago Palm Leaf Powder

Cycas Revoluta Leaf Powder

3.5

A plant-based powder that may offer gentle exfoliation and antioxidant benefits, but its use in skincare is still emerging and requires caution due to potential irritation.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical
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Humectant

Saguaro Flower Extract

Carnegiea Gigantea Flower Extract

3.8

A gentle, plant-based extract that adds hydration and antioxidant protection, but research on its specific benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectantantioxidant
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Humectant

Sahel Scenedesmus Extract

Scenedesmus Extract

4.0

A gentle, hydrating microalgae extract with antioxidant potential, best for soothing and moisturizing sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Soothing Agent

Saisin Ekisu

Saisin Ekisu

3.5

Saisin Ekisu is a gentle botanical extract that may help calm skin and provide antioxidant support, but research is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing agent
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Soothing Agent

Sakhalin Fir Branch/Leaf Water

ABIES SACHALINENSIS BRANCH/LEAF WATER

3.8

A gentle, aromatic plant water that may offer mild soothing and antioxidant benefits, but research is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing
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Antioxidant

Sakhalin Fir Leaf Extract

Abies sachalinensis leaf extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that helps protect skin from environmental stress and may calm irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Fragrance

Sakhalin Fir Leaf Oil

ABIES SACHALINENSIS LEAF OIL

3.8

A fragrant essential oil from fir needles that adds a forest-like scent to products, but may irritate sensitive skin due to its aromatic compounds.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Antioxidant

Sakhalin Raspberry Fruit Juice

RUBUS IDAEUS SACHALINENSIS FRUIT JUICE

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich fruit juice from a wild raspberry that may help soothe and protect skin, but research is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Sakura Flower Extract

PRUNUS SPECIOSA (CHERRY) FLOWER EXTRACT

4.0

A mild, fragrant flower extract that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical
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Exfoliant

Sakura Flower Powder

PRUNUS SPECIOSA (CHERRY) FLOWER POWDER

3.8

A gentle, natural exfoliant from cherry blossoms that can help smooth skin without harsh abrasion, but its benefits beyond texture are not well-studied.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareexfoliant
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Antioxidant

Salacia Reticulata Root Extract

Salacia Reticulata Root Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich root extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, but research on its topical benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Salacia Reticulata Wood Extract

Salacia Reticulata Wood Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich wood extract that may help calm skin and protect against environmental stress, though human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidantsoothing
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Antioxidant

Salacia Root Extract

Salacia Madagascariensis Root Extract

3.8

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research in cosmetics is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Antioxidant

Salad Burnet Extract

Sanguisorba Minor Extract

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant and soothing potential, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Salcolin

Salcolin

3.5

Salcolin is a plant antioxidant with some soothing potential, but research is still early and it's not widely used in mainstream skincare.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Salicin

Salicin

3.8

A gentle, plant-derived exfoliant that may help smooth skin and calm minor irritation, but it is less potent than salicylic acid.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareexfoliant
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Fragrance

Salicylaldehyde

Salicylaldehyde

3.5

Salicylaldehyde is a fragrant compound with mild antimicrobial properties, but it can be a skin sensitizer for some people.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Exfoliant

Salicylamide

Salicylamide

3.5

Salicylamide is a gentler cousin of salicylic acid that may help exfoliate and calm skin, but research on its cosmetic benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareexfoliant
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