Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 20,303
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Surfactant

PPG-30 Capryleth-4 Phosphate

PPG-30 Capryleth-4 Phosphate

3.8

A gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in cleansers and lotions, with a low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Emollient

PPG-30 Cetyl Ether

PPG-30 Cetyl Ether

4.0

A gentle synthetic emollient that softens skin and improves product feel without common irritation or clogging concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-30 Ethylhexeth-4 Phosphate

PPG-30 Ethylhexeth-4 Phosphate

3.8

A gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in cleansers and makeup removers, with a low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Emollient

PPG-30 Isocetyl Ether

PPG-30 Isocetyl Ether

4.0

A gentle, synthetic emollient that makes products feel silky without clogging pores or causing irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Emollient

PPG-30 Oleyl Ether

PPG-30 Oleyl Ether

4.0

A gentle synthetic emollient that helps products spread smoothly and leaves skin feeling soft without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

PPG-30 Steareth-4

PPG-30 Steareth-4

3.8

A synthetic emulsifier that helps oil and water mix in your skincare, generally considered safe and low-risk for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

PPG-30 Tocophereth-70

PPG-30 Tocophereth-70

4.0

A gentle, water-friendly form of vitamin E that helps protect skin from environmental stress without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

PPG-30-Buteth-30

PPG-30-Buteth-30

3.8

A reliable synthetic emulsifier that helps water and oil mix, but offers no active skin benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-33 Buteth-45

PPG-33-BUTETH-45

3.8

A gentle synthetic surfactant that helps cleanse and emulsify oils without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Humectant

PPG-33 Sorbitol

PPG-33 Sorbitol

4.0

A gentle, water-attracting ingredient that helps keep skin hydrated without clogging pores or causing irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-34 Phosphate

PPG-34 Phosphate

3.5

PPG-34 Phosphate is a mild synthetic emulsifier that helps cleansers and makeup removers work effectively without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

PPG-34 Steareth-3

PPG-34 Steareth-3

3.5

A synthetic emulsifier that helps oil and water mix in your skincare, generally considered safe and low-risk for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-35 Butyl Ether Phosphate

PPG-35 Butyl Ether Phosphate

3.5

A synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water, but may be drying or irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Emollient

PPG-36 Oleate

PPG-36 OLEATE

3.5

PPG-36 Oleate is a synthetic emollient that helps products glide on smoothly, but it may be moderately comedogenic for acne-prone skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

PPG-36-Buteth-36

PPG-36-BUTETH-36

4.0

A safe, effective emulsifier that helps mix water and oil in your products, but may be drying for very sensitive or dry skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Emollient

PPG-37 Oleyl Ether

PPG-37 Oleyl Ether

4.0

A gentle synthetic emollient that softens skin and improves product texture without common irritation or clogging concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

PPG-38 Steareth-6

PPG-38 Steareth-6

3.8

A safe, effective emulsifier that helps keep your products smooth and stable, but it's purely synthetic and offers no skin benefits beyond formulation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-38-Buteth-37

PPG-38-Buteth-37

3.8

A gentle synthetic surfactant that helps blend oil and water in cleansers, with a low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-4 C12-14 Sec-Pareth-5

PPG-4 C12-14 Sec-Pareth-5

3.5

A synthetic cleansing agent that helps remove dirt and oil, but may be drying or irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-4 C13-15 Pareth-15

PPG-4 C13-15 PARETH-15

3.5

A workhorse synthetic emulsifier that helps products rinse clean, but can be drying for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Emollient

PPG-4 Caprylyl Ether

PPG-4 CAPRYLYL ETHER

4.0

A gentle synthetic emollient that helps skincare products feel silky and spread easily without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Humectant

PPG-4 Diglyceryl Ether

PPG-4 Diglyceryl Ether

4.0

A gentle, synthetic humectant that pulls water into the skin and improves the feel of your products without common irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
Read ingredient review

Emollient

PPG-4 Jojoba Acid

PPG-4 Jojoba Acid

4.0

A gentle, semi-synthetic emollient derived from jojoba oil that softens skin without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Emollient

PPG-4 Jojoba Alcohol

PPG-4 JOJOBA ALCOHOL

4.0

A gentle, non-greasy emollient that helps soften skin and improve product texture without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-4 Laureth-15

PPG-4 LAURETH-15

3.5

A synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water, but may be slightly drying or irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

PPG-4 Laureth-2

PPG-4 LAURETH-2

3.8

PPG-4 Laureth-2 is a synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in products, but it can be mildly irritating for sensitive skin at higher concentrations.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-4 Laureth-5

PPG-4 LAURETH-5

3.8

A synthetic emulsifier that helps products spread and rinse cleanly, but may be slightly drying for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-4 Laureth-7

PPG-4 LAURETH-7

3.8

A synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in cleansers, but may be drying or irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Emollient

PPG-4 Lauryl Ether

PPG-4 LAURYL ETHER

3.8

A gentle synthetic emollient that helps products spread smoothly and leaves skin feeling soft without heavy greasiness.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Solvent

PPG-4 Methyl Ether

PPG-4 METHYL ETHER

3.8

A synthetic solvent that helps products spread and dissolve oils, generally safe but not a star ingredient.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresolvent
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Emollient

PPG-4 Myristyl Ether

PPG-4 Myristyl Ether

4.0

A gentle synthetic emollient that softens skin and improves product feel without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

PPG-4 Oleth-10 Dimethicone

PPG-4 OLETH-10 DIMETHICONE

4.0

A gentle silicone emulsifier that improves product texture and spreadability without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-4 Trideceth-6

PPG-4 TRIDECETH-6

4.0

A gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps rinse away oil and dirt without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-4-Buteth-4

PPG-4-Buteth-4

3.8

A mild synthetic ingredient that helps cleansers and other products mix oil and water, generally considered safe and low-irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

PPG-4-Ceteareth-12

PPG-4-CETEARETH-12

3.5

A reliable synthetic emulsifier that helps products feel smooth and spread evenly, but it's not a star ingredient for skin health.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

PPG-4-Ceteth-1

PPG-4-CETETH-1

3.5

A reliable synthetic emulsifier that helps create stable, creamy formulas, but offers no direct skin benefit beyond texture.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

PPG-4-Ceteth-10

PPG-4-CETETH-10

3.8

A synthetic emulsifier that helps water and oil mix in your skincare products, generally considered safe and low-risk for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

PPG-4-Ceteth-20

PPG-4-CETETH-20

3.8

A synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in cleansers, but may be slightly drying for very sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

PPG-4-Ceteth-5

PPG-4-CETETH-5

3.5

A reliable synthetic emulsifier that helps keep your products stable and creamy, but offers no direct skin benefit beyond formulation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemulsifier
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-4-Deceth-4

PPG-4-Deceth-4

3.8

A mild synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in cleansers and shampoos, generally safe for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-4-Deceth-6

PPG-4-Deceth-6

3.5

A mild synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water, generally considered safe and low-irritation for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-4-Isodeceth-10

PPG-4-Isodeceth-10

3.5

A synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water, but may be slightly drying or irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Antistatic Agent

PPG-40 Diethylmonium Chloride

PPG-40 DIETHYLMONIUM CHLORIDE

3.5

A synthetic conditioning ingredient that helps reduce static and soften hair, but offers no active skincare benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehaircare
Read ingredient review

Humectant

PPG-41 Sorbitol

PPG-41 Sorbitol

4.0

A gentle, semi-synthetic humectant that helps hydrate the skin without clogging pores, making it a good option for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarehumectant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-5 C12-14 Sec-Pareth-7

PPG-5 C12-14 Sec-Pareth-7

3.5

A synthetic cleansing agent that helps remove dirt and oil, but may be drying for sensitive or dry skin types.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-5 C12-14 Sec-Pareth-9

PPG-5 C12-14 Sec-Pareth-9

3.5

A synthetic cleansing agent that effectively removes oil and dirt but may be drying or irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-5 C9-15 Pareth-6

PPG-5 C9-15 Pareth-6

3.8

A gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps products rinse cleanly without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Emollient

PPG-5 Caprylyl Ether

PPG-5 Caprylyl Ether

3.8

A lightweight synthetic emollient that improves product texture and skin feel without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Emollient

PPG-5 Lanolate

PPG-5 Lanolate

4.0

A gentle, modified lanolin that softens skin without the heavy feel or common allergens of natural lanolin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Emollient

PPG-5 Lanolin Alcohol Ether

PPG-5 Lanolin Alcohol Ether

4.0

A gentle, lanolin-derived emollient that softens skin and hair without the heavy feel of pure lanolin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Emollient

PPG-5 Lanolin Wax

PPG-5 Lanolin Wax

3.8

A gentle, wax-like emollient derived from lanolin, but may be moderately pore-clogging for acne-prone skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-5 Laureth-5

PPG-5-LAURETH-5

3.8

A synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water, but can be drying or irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Film Former

PPG-5 Methacrylate

PPG-5 METHACRYLATE

3.5

A synthetic film-former that helps products stay put, but offers no active skincare benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm former
Read ingredient review

Emollient

PPG-5 Phytosterol

PPG-5 PHYTOSTEROL

4.0

A gentle, plant-based emollient that helps reinforce the skin barrier and improve moisture retention without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemollient
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

PPG-5 Tocophereth-2

PPG-5 Tocophereth-2

4.0

A gentle, semi-synthetic ingredient that moisturizes and provides antioxidant protection, suitable for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareantioxidantemollient
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

PPG-5 Tocopheryl Ether

PPG-5 Tocopheryl Ether

4.0

A stable, skin-friendly antioxidant that helps protect against environmental damage without the greasiness of pure vitamin E.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

PPG-5-Buteth-5

PPG-5-Buteth-5

3.5

A synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water, but may cause mild irritation for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review