Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 20,303
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Exfoliant

Plum Seed Powder

Prunus Domestica Seed Powder

4.0

A gentle, natural exfoliant that sloughs off dead skin cells without harsh microplastics, but may feel too gritty for sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareexfoliant
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Plum Seedcake Extract

Prunus Domestica Seedcake Extract

3.8

Plum seedcake extract is a gentle, antioxidant-rich ingredient that helps protect skin from environmental stress while providing light hydration.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Absorbent

Plum Wood Ash

Prunus Domestica Wood Ash

3.5

A natural absorbent and gentle exfoliant from burned plum wood, best for oily or combination skin in rinse-off products.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincareabsorbent
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Plum-Camphor Botanical Blend

Prunus Mume Fruit/Cinnamomum Camphora Leaf/Root Extract

3.8

A gentle botanical blend that may offer antioxidant and soothing benefits, but research is limited and mostly based on traditional use.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Antimicrobial

Plumbago Zeylanica Extract

Plumbago Zeylanica Flower/Root Extract

3.5

A traditional botanical extract with promising antimicrobial properties, but limited modern research and potential for skin irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Antioxidant

Plumbago Zeylanica Flower Extract

PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA FLOWER EXTRACT

3.5

A botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but limited human studies and possible skin sensitivity concerns.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Fragrance

Plumeria Flower Oil

PLUMERIA ALBA FLOWER OIL

3.8

Plumeria flower oil adds a sweet floral scent and mild skin-soothing benefits, but research on its skincare effects is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Plumeria Leaf Cell Extract

Plumeria Obtusa Leaf Cell Extract

3.8

A gentle, plant-based antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Humectant

PNA (Polyglutamic Acid)

Polyglutamic Acid

4.3

PNA is a next-generation humectant that can hold up to 4,000 times its weight in water, making it a standout hydrator for dry or dehydrated skin.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincarehumectant
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Antioxidant

PNA-3 Carboxyethyl Fluorene

PNA-3 CARBOXYETHYL FLUORENE

3.5

A synthetic antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress, but research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

PNA-4 Carboxyethyl Fluorene

PNA-4 CARBOXYETHYL FLUORENE

3.5

A synthetic antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress, but research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Skin conditioning agent

PNA-8 Carboxyethyl Fluorene

PNA-8 Carboxyethyl Fluorene

3.8

A synthetic peptide-like ingredient that may help improve skin firmness and elasticity, but research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincareanti-aging
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Podocarpus Elatus Fruit Extract

PODOCARPUS ELATUS FRUIT EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research is limited and benefits are not yet proven in human studies.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Podocarpus Leaf Extract

PODOCARPUS NERIIFOLIUS LEAF EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Pohutukawa Bark/Leaf Extract

Metrosideros Excelsa Bark/Leaf Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical extract that may help calm and protect skin, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Soothing Agent

Poinsettia Extract

EUPHORBIA PULCHERRIMA EXTRACT

3.5

A gentle, plant-based extract with potential soothing and antioxidant benefits, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing agent
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Polar Willow Callus Extract

Salix Polaris Callus Culture Extract

3.8

A lab-grown Arctic willow extract that may help calm skin and fight oxidative stress, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Antioxidant

Pollia Condensata Fruit Extract

Pollia Condensata Fruit Extract

3.8

A novel, colorful fruit extract with antioxidant potential, but research is still emerging and benefits are not yet well-established in skincare.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 101

Poloxamer 101

4.0

A gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in skincare formulas without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 105

Poloxamer 105

4.0

Poloxamer 105 is a gentle synthetic ingredient that helps mix oil and water, making products feel smooth and spread easily without irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 105 Benzoate

Poloxamer 105 Benzoate

3.8

Poloxamer 105 Benzoate is a gentle synthetic surfactant that helps cleanse without stripping the skin, but it offers no direct skin benefits beyond cleansing.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 108

Poloxamer 108

4.0

Poloxamer 108 is a gentle synthetic ingredient that helps cleansers foam and rinse clean without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 122

Poloxamer 122

3.8

Poloxamer 122 is a gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in cleansers and lotions, with a low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 123

Poloxamer 123

4.0

A mild synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in cleansers and lotions, with a low irritation profile.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 124

Poloxamer 124

4.0

Poloxamer 124 is a gentle synthetic ingredient that helps mix oil and water, making cleansers effective without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 181

Poloxamer 181

4.0

Poloxamer 181 is a gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water, making it a common helper in cleansers and lotions.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 182

Poloxamer 182

4.0

Poloxamer 182 is a gentle synthetic surfactant that helps cleanse without stripping the skin's natural moisture barrier.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 183

Poloxamer 183

4.0

Poloxamer 183 is a gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water, making it a common choice for cleansers and lotions.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 185

Poloxamer 185

4.0

A gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water, widely used in cleansers and lotions for its mildness.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 188

Poloxamer 188

4.0

Poloxamer 188 is a gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in skincare, with low irritation potential.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 212

Poloxamer 212

4.0

Poloxamer 212 is a gentle synthetic surfactant that helps cleansers foam and rinse cleanly without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 215

Poloxamer 215

4.0

Poloxamer 215 is a gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in cleansers without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 217

Poloxamer 217

4.0

Poloxamer 217 is a gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in skincare formulas without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 231

Poloxamer 231

4.0

Poloxamer 231 is a gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in cleansers and lotions, with a low irritation profile.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 234

Poloxamer 234

4.2

A gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in skincare products without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 238

Poloxamer 238

4.0

A mild synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water, making cleansers and lotions feel smooth without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 251

Poloxamer 251

4.0

Poloxamer 251 is a gentle, synthetic ingredient that helps cleansers remove dirt and oil without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 282

Poloxamer 282

3.8

Poloxamer 282 is a gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water, making it a common choice in mild cleansers and makeup removers.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Poloxamer 284

Poloxamer 284

4.0

Poloxamer 284 is a gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water, making it a common choice for mild cleansers and makeup removers.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 288

Poloxamer 288

4.0

A gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps mix water and oil, commonly used in cleansers and shampoos for its mildness.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 333

Poloxamer 333

4.0

Poloxamer 333 is a gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in skincare products without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 334

POLOXAMER 334

4.0

Poloxamer 334 is a gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in skincare, with a low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 335

Poloxamer 335

4.0

Poloxamer 335 is a gentle synthetic ingredient that helps mix oil and water in cleansers and lotions, making products feel smooth without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 338

Poloxamer 338

4.0

A gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps cleansers rinse cleanly without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 401

Poloxamer 401

4.0

A mild synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water, generally safe and well-tolerated in skincare.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 402

POLOXAMER 402

4.0

Poloxamer 402 is a gentle synthetic ingredient that helps cleansers and makeup removers work effectively without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamer 407

Poloxamer 407

4.0

Poloxamer 407 is a gentle, synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in skincare products without causing irritation or clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamine 1101

Poloxamine 1101

4.0

Poloxamine 1101 is a gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in skincare products without causing irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamine 1102

POLOXAMINE 1102

4.0

A gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps mix oil and water in skincare, with low irritation potential.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamine 1104

Poloxamine 1104

4.0

A gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in cleansers and lotions with low irritation risk.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamine 1301

Poloxamine 1301

4.0

A gentle synthetic surfactant that helps cleanse and stabilize products without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamine 1302

Poloxamine 1302

3.8

A gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in cleansers and lotions, with low irritation potential.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Emulsifier

Poloxamine 1304

POLOXAMINE 1304

4.0

Poloxamine 1304 is a gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in cleansers and lotions, with low irritation potential.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamine 1307

Poloxamine 1307

4.0

Poloxamine 1307 is a gentle synthetic ingredient that helps mix oil and water in formulas, making cleansers and lotions more stable and less irritating.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review

Surfactant

Poloxamine 1501

Poloxamine 1501

4.0

A gentle synthetic emulsifier that helps blend oil and water in skincare products without stripping the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincaresurfactant
Read ingredient review