Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 20,303
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Antioxidant

Lilac Leaf Cell Extract

Syringa Vulgaris Leaf Cell Extract

3.8

A gentle, plant-based antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Antioxidant

Lilac Meristem Cell Culture

Syringa Vulgaris Meristem Cell Culture

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

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Antioxidant

Lilium Polyphyllum Flower Extract

LILIUM POLYPHYLLUM FLOWER EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich flower extract from the Himalayas that may help soothe and protect skin, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Soothing Agent

Lily Bulb Extract

Lilium Brownii Bulb/Seed Extract

3.8

A gentle botanical extract that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Soothing Agent

Lily Bulbil Extract

Lilium Bulbiferum Flower/Leaf/Stem Juice

3.8

A gentle, plant-derived ingredient that may help calm irritation and provide light hydration, but research on its specific benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing agent
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Soothing Agent

Lily Flower Extract

Lilium Parvum Flower Extract

3.8

A mild botanical extract that may help calm skin and provide antioxidant protection, but research is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical
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Emollient

Lily Flower Oil

LILIUM SPECIOSUM FLOWER OIL

3.8

A gentle, fragrant flower oil that adds a light emollient feel and a subtle floral scent, but research on its specific skin benefits is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Antioxidant

Lily Hybrid Extract

Lilium Hybrid Extract

3.8

Lily Hybrid Extract is a gentle botanical ingredient that may help soothe skin and provide antioxidant protection, but research is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Lily of the Valley Callus Extract

CONVALLARIA MAJALIS CALLUS CULTURE EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, lab-grown plant extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

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Fragrance

Lily of the Valley Extract

CONVALLARIA MAJALIS EXTRACT

3.5

A fragrant flower extract with mild antioxidant potential, but its main role in skincare is scent—and it can be irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Soothing agent

Lily of the Valley Root Extract

CONVALLARIA MAJALIS BULB/ROOT EXTRACT

3.5

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but limited human studies and a known skin sensitization risk in some individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Antioxidant

Lima Bean Seed Extract

Phaseolus Lunatus Seed Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Lime & Elderflower Extract

Citrus Aurantifolia Flower/Sambucus Nigra Flower Extract

3.8

A gentle botanical extract blend that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Soothing agent

Lime Flower & Cleavers Extract

CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA FLOWER/GALIUM APARINE EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle botanical blend that may help calm skin and provide antioxidant support, though research is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Fragrance

Lime Flower Extract

Citrus Aurantifolia Flower Extract

3.8

A gentle botanical extract that adds a light citrus scent and a touch of antioxidant support, but research on its direct skin benefits is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Fragrance Component

Lime Fruit Extract

CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA FRUIT EXTRACT

3.8

Lime fruit extract adds a fresh citrus scent and mild antioxidant benefits, but its potential for skin irritation means it's best for those without sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Fragrance

Lime Fruit Oil

Citrus Aurantifolia Fruit Oil

3.8

Lime oil adds a fresh citrus scent and some antioxidant activity, but it can be irritating for sensitive skin and may increase sun sensitivity.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Astringent

Lime Fruit Water

Citrus Aurantifolia Fruit Water

3.8

Lime fruit water offers a light, refreshing feel and mild astringent action, but its natural acidity and phototoxic potential require careful formulation.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincareastringent
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Antioxidant

Lime Leaf Extract

Citrus Aurantifolia Leaf Extract

3.8

Lime leaf extract offers antioxidant benefits and a light astringent effect, but may cause irritation in sensitive skin due to natural citrus compounds.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Fragrance

Lime Peel Oil

Citrus Aurantifolia Peel Oil Expressed

3.5

Lime peel oil adds a bright citrus scent to products but can be irritating for sensitive skin and increases sun sensitivity.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Lime Peel Powder

Citrus Aurantifolia Peel Powder

3.5

Lime peel powder offers gentle physical exfoliation and a bright scent, but its citrus oils can cause irritation or photosensitivity in some people.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Fragrance

Lime Peel Water

Citrus Aurantifolia Peel Water

3.8

Lime Peel Water adds a fresh citrus scent and mild astringency to products, but its fragrance can be irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Emollient

Lime Seed Oil

Citrus Aurantifolia Seed Oil

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich oil that hydrates and soothes skin without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Emollient

Lime Seed Unsaponifiables

Citrus Aurantifolia Seed Oil Unsaponifiables

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived emollient that helps strengthen the skin barrier and offers antioxidant protection without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Limnophila Chinensis Leaf Extract

LIMNOPHILA CHINENSIS LEAF EXTRACT

3.5

A gentle herbal extract with antioxidant potential, but research is still emerging and benefits are not yet well-established in human skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Fragrance

Limonene

LIMONENE

3.5

Limonene adds a fresh citrus scent but can be a skin sensitizer, especially when oxidized.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Exfoliant

Limonia Acidissima Bark Powder

Limonia Acidissima Bark Powder

3.5

A gentle, natural exfoliating powder from wood apple bark, best for those who prefer plant-based physical exfoliants.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Limonia Acidissima Shell Powder

LIMONIA ACIDISSIMA SHELL POWDER

3.5

A natural, gritty powder that physically exfoliates skin, but its coarse texture may be too harsh for sensitive or compromised skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincareexfoliant
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Exfoliant

Limonia Acidissima Wood Powder

Limonia Acidissima Wood Powder

3.5

A gentle, natural wood powder that helps slough off dead skin and absorb excess oil, but lacks strong clinical research.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareexfoliantabsorbent
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Soothing agent

Limus

Limus

3.8

Limus is a gentle, seaweed-derived ingredient that may help calm irritated skin and support hydration, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing agent
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Antioxidant

Limus Extract

Limus Extract

3.8

Limus Extract is a gentle botanical antioxidant that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalool

Linalool

3.5

Linalool is a common fragrant component of many essential oils; it can cause skin sensitization in some people, especially when oxidized.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalool Dihydroepoxide

LINALOOL DIHYDROEPOXIDE

3.5

Linalool Dihydroepoxide is a synthetic scent ingredient that can cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals, especially when oxidized.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance

Linalool Oxide

LINALOOL OXIDE

3.5

Linalool oxide is a common fragrance ingredient that can cause skin sensitivity in some people, especially when oxidized.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Fragrance

Linalyl Acetate

LINALYL ACETATE

3.8

Linalyl acetate is a fragrant ester from lavender and other plants that adds a floral, calming scent to products, but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalyl Anthranilate

LINALYL ANTHRANILATE

3.5

Linalyl anthranilate is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a floral, fruity scent to products, but it may cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalyl Benzoate

Linalyl Benzoate

3.8

Linalyl Benzoate is a synthetic fragrance ester that adds a pleasant scent to products, but its primary role is aesthetic rather than functional for skin health.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalyl Butyrate

Linalyl Butyrate

3.5

Linalyl butyrate is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a floral, fruity scent to products; it is generally considered safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance ingredient

Linalyl Cinnamate

Linalyl Cinnamate

3.5

Linalyl Cinnamate is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a sweet, floral scent to products but may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalyl Formate

Linalyl Formate

3.5

Linalyl Formate is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a floral, fruity scent to products; it is generally considered safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalyl Hexanoate

1,5-DIMETHYL-1-VINYLHEX-4-ENYL HEXANOATE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ester that adds a floral, slightly fruity scent to products; generally considered safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalyl Isobutyrate

LINALYL ISOBUTYRATE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a floral, lavender-like scent; generally safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance ingredient

Linalyl Isovalerate

LINALYL ISOVALERRATE

4.0

Linalyl isovalerate is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a pleasant scent to products; it is generally considered safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalyl Methyl Ether

LINALYL METHYL ETHER

3.5

Linalyl Methyl Ether is a synthetic scent ingredient that adds a fresh, floral note but may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance Ingredient

Linalyl Phenylacetate

LINALYL PHENYLACETATE

3.5

A synthetic fragrance ester that adds a sweet, floral scent but offers no direct skin benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance ingredient

Linalyl Propionate

LINALYL PROPIONATE

3.5

Linalyl propionate is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a floral, lavender-like scent to products; it is generally considered safe at low concentrations but may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefragrance
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Emollient

Linden Blossom Oil

Tilia Cordata Oil

3.8

A gentle, fragrant oil that softens skin and provides antioxidant benefits, but research on its specific effects is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Soothing Agent

Linden Flower & Leaf Extract

Tilia Europaea Flower/Leaf Extract

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived ingredient that helps calm irritated skin and provides antioxidant protection without common irritants.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical extract
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Antioxidant

Linden Flower & Violet Leaf Extract

Tilia Europaea Flower/Viola Odorata Leaf Extract

4.0

A gentle, plant-based extract blend that may help calm irritation and defend against environmental stress, though clinical evidence is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Soothing Agent

Linden Flower Extract

Tilia Vulgaris Flower Extract

4.0

A gentle, plant-based ingredient that helps calm irritated skin and provides antioxidant protection without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarebotanical
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Soothing Agent

Linden Flower Water

TILIA VULGARIS FLOWER WATER

3.8

A gentle floral water that can soothe and lightly tone the skin, but its benefits are mostly anecdotal and not backed by strong clinical evidence.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing
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Soothing Agent

Linden Wood Extract

Tilia Cordata Wood Extract

4.0

A gentle, plant-based extract that may help calm irritated skin and provide antioxidant protection, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincaresoothing agent
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Antioxidant

Lindera Erythrocarpa Extract

LINDERA ERYTHROCARPA EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research is still early and benefits are not yet proven in human skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Humectant

Lindera Leaf/Twig Water

Lindera Umbellata Leaf/Twig Water

3.8

A gentle, hydrating botanical water that can replace plain water in formulas, offering mild soothing and antioxidant benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarehumectantsoothing
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Antioxidant

Lindera Root Extract

Lindera Erythrocarpa Adventitious Root Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich root extract that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareantioxidant
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Fragrance

Lindera Twig Oil

LINDERA UMBELLATA TWIG OIL

3.8

Lindera twig oil offers a natural, aromatic option for soothing and antioxidant support, but its potency means it should be used in low concentrations to avoid irritation.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincarefragrance
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Fragrance

Lindera Umbellata Leaf Oil

LINDERA UMBELLATA LEAF OIL

3.8

Lindera Umbellata Leaf Oil is a natural essential oil that adds a pleasant scent and may offer mild antioxidant benefits, but it carries a moderate risk of skin irritation, especially for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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