Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

This is a regulatory marker for fragrance allergens, not a single ingredient; it signals potential sensitizers in scented products.

A regulatory code for a mix of fragrance allergens that may cause skin reactions in sensitive individuals.

This is a regulatory code for a fragrance allergen, not a standalone cosmetic ingredient—it signals potential sensitization risk for sensitive individuals.

A generic fragrance blend that adds scent but may cause irritation for sensitive skin.

This is a regulatory code for a specific fragrance blend; it may contain common allergens and can cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

A pre-blended fragrance mix that adds scent but may cause irritation in sensitive skin.

This is a fragrance blend with limited public data; it may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

A generic fragrance blend that adds scent but may cause irritation in sensitive skin—check for individual allergen listings.

A generic fragrance blend that adds scent but may cause irritation for sensitive skin.

A generic fragrance blend that adds scent but may cause irritation in sensitive skin.

A common fragrance blend that adds scent but may cause irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

A fragrance blend that adds scent but may cause irritation in sensitive skin.

This is a regulatory fragrance code, not a single ingredient—it signals a specific fragrance blend that may contain allergens, so sensitive skin should approach with caution.

This is a fragrance blend with a regulatory code; it adds scent but may cause irritation in sensitive skin.

A gentle botanical extract with soothing and antioxidant potential, though research is still emerging compared to better-studied ginger relatives.

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant and soothing potential, though human skin research is still limited.

A gentle botanical powder with traditional use in East Asian skincare, offering soothing and antioxidant benefits, though modern clinical evidence is still emerging.

A gentle plant extract that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, though human studies are limited.

A gentle, aromatic extract that helps calm skin and fight free radical damage, but research is still emerging.

A fragrant resin extract that may help calm skin and provide a pleasant scent, but can be irritating for sensitive skin at high concentrations.

A gentle, water-based frankincense extract that may help calm redness and provide antioxidant protection without the oiliness of frankincense essential oil.

Frankincense oil adds a warm, woody scent and offers antioxidant benefits, but it can be irritating for sensitive skin if used at high concentrations.

A gentle, natural resin extract that helps calm skin and fight free radical damage, but research on its cosmetic benefits is still emerging.

A gentle, natural resin extract that helps calm irritation and provides antioxidant protection, but research is still emerging.

Freesia Extract is a gentle botanical with antioxidant potential, but research on its specific skincare benefits is still limited.

A gentle, fragrant flower extract that adds a light floral scent and mild antioxidant benefits to skincare, but lacks strong research on skin-specific effects.

A gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical extract that can help soothe and protect the skin, though its benefits are modest compared to more potent active ingredients.

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant and soothing potential, but research is limited and mostly traditional.

A fermented botanical extract with potential soothing and antioxidant benefits, but research is limited and mostly based on traditional use.

Fructan is a gentle, plant-derived humectant that helps hydrate skin and supports a balanced microbiome, making it a good choice for sensitive or reactive skin.

A mild, sugar-based surfactant that cleanses effectively while being kind to sensitive and dry skin.

A sugar-derived ester that hydrates and softens skin with a very low risk of irritation.

Fructose is a gentle, natural humectant that helps keep skin hydrated and smooth, but it's not as potent as glycerin or hyaluronic acid.

A mild, plant-based surfactant that cleanses effectively while respecting the skin barrier.

A gentle, antioxidant-rich blend that can help protect skin from environmental stress, but its exact composition varies by product.

Fucose is a gentle sugar-derived ingredient that supports skin hydration and a healthy barrier, with promising early research for soothing and firming effects.

Fucosterol is a promising antioxidant from brown algae that may help protect skin from environmental stress, but human research is still limited.

A gentle, microbiome-friendly sugar that helps hydrate and strengthen the skin barrier, inspired by a key component of breast milk.

Fucoxanthin is a promising antioxidant from brown seaweed that may help protect skin from environmental damage and support a more even tone, though human studies are still limited.

A gentle, seaweed-derived oil that helps soften and soothe the skin, but research on its specific benefits is still limited.

A classic clay that soaks up excess oil and impurities, ideal for oily and acne-prone skin when used in masks.

Fulvic acid is a gentle antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress and support a healthy-looking complexion, but research in topical skincare is still limited.

Fumaric acid is a gentle alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that exfoliates and brightens skin, but it can cause irritation at higher concentrations.

A synthetic film-former that helps products stay put, but offers no active skincare benefits.

Fumitory extract is a gentle botanical with antioxidant and soothing potential, but human studies are limited and it is not a proven powerhouse ingredient.

Fumitory leaf extract is a gentle botanical with antioxidant and soothing potential, but human research is limited and it is not a proven powerhouse ingredient.

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research is limited and it's mainly valued for its subtle woody scent.

A sweet-smelling fragrance compound found naturally in strawberries and other fruits; generally safe at low levels but offers no skincare benefit.

Furfural is a potential skin sensitizer and irritant; it is rarely used as a direct cosmetic ingredient and is more commonly a trace byproduct or manufacturing intermediate.

A synthetic fragrance ingredient with limited safety data; best for those who tolerate fragrance well.

A potent aroma chemical used in tiny amounts to add a roasted, coffee-like scent; generally safe but can cause allergies in sensitive individuals.

A gentle emollient ester that softens skin with low irritation potential, but research on its long-term benefits is limited.

A synthetic plant hormone derivative that may help firm and smooth skin, but human research is limited.

Furfuryl Valerate is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a sweet, fruity note to products, but it has limited published safety data and may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

A synthetic fragrance compound with limited safety data; best avoided by sensitive skin.

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds scent but offers no skincare benefit and may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.

Furoic acid is a gentle exfoliating acid with antioxidant potential, but research on its efficacy and safety in cosmetics is still limited.

A synthetic fragrance ingredient that adds a sweet, caramel-like scent but offers no skincare benefits and may cause sensitivity in some individuals.

A lightweight, non-greasy oil that hydrates and soothes skin, with a unique fatty acid profile that supports barrier function.

A gentle, non-greasy oil that hydrates and soothes skin, suitable for most skin types including sensitive and oily.