Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 842
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Film Former

Polyurethane

Polyurethane

3.8

Polyurethane is a synthetic film-former that helps makeup and sunscreen stay put longer without feeling heavy or sticky.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehaircarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane Film Former

HEA IPDI Isocyanurate Trimer/Polycaprolactone Diol Copolymer

3.8

A synthetic polymer that creates a flexible, water-resistant film on skin or lashes, commonly used in long-wear and waterproof cosmetics.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-37

Polyurethane-37

3.8

Polyurethane-37 is a synthetic film-former that helps makeup and sunscreen stay put without feeling heavy or sticky.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-38

POLYURETHANE-38

3.8

Polyurethane-38 is a synthetic film-former that helps makeup last longer and resist water, but it may feel heavy on some skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-42

Polyurethane-42

3.8

A synthetic film-former that helps makeup and skincare stay put without feeling heavy or sticky.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-46

POLYURETHANE-46

3.8

A synthetic film-former that helps makeup last longer and resist water, but offers no active skincare benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-49

POLYURETHANE-49

3.8

Polyurethane-49 is a synthetic polymer that helps makeup and skincare products last longer and feel smoother, with a generally low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-50

Polyurethane-50

3.8

Polyurethane-50 is a synthetic film-former that helps makeup and skincare last longer and resist water, but it offers no active skincare benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-51

Polyurethane-51

3.8

Polyurethane-51 helps makeup and sunscreen stay put longer by forming a flexible, water-resistant film, but it can feel heavy on some skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-53

Polyurethane-53

3.8

A synthetic film-former that helps makeup and sunscreen stay put longer, but offers no active skincare benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-54

POLYURETHANE-54

3.8

A synthetic film-former that helps makeup last longer and resist water, but may feel heavy on some skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-56

Polyurethane-56

3.8

A synthetic polymer that helps makeup and skincare stay put, but offers no active skin benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-57

POLYURETHANE-57

3.8

Polyurethane-57 is a synthetic film-former that helps makeup and skincare products resist water, sweat, and transfer, but it offers no active skin benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehaircarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-58

Polyurethane-58

3.8

A synthetic film-former that helps makeup and skincare last longer and feel smoother, with a low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-59

Polyurethane-59

3.8

Polyurethane-59 is a synthetic film-former that helps makeup and skincare last longer and resist water, but it offers no active skincare benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-61

Polyurethane-61

3.8

A synthetic film-former that helps products stay put and feel smooth, but offers no active skincare benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-62

Polyurethane-62

3.8

Polyurethane-62 is a synthetic film-former that helps makeup and skincare last longer, feel smooth, and resist water, but it offers no active skincare benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-63

Polyurethane-63

3.8

A synthetic film-former that helps makeup and skincare last longer without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-64

POLYURETHANE-64

3.8

A synthetic film-former that helps makeup and skincare last longer and feel smoother, with a good safety profile for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-65

Polyurethane-65

3.8

Polyurethane-65 is a safe, synthetic film-former that helps makeup and sunscreen stay put without feeling heavy or sticky.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-68

Polyurethane-68

3.8

Polyurethane-68 is a synthetic film-former that helps makeup and skincare last longer and feel smoother, with a generally low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-69

Polyurethane-69

3.5

Polyurethane-69 is a synthetic film-former that helps makeup and skincare products last longer and feel smoother, with a low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-72

POLYURETHANE-72

4.0

Polyurethane-72 is a flexible film-former that helps makeup and hair products resist water, sweat, and smudging without feeling stiff or heavy.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-73

Polyurethane-73

3.5

Polyurethane-73 is a synthetic film-former that helps products resist water and wear longer, but it offers no active skincare benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-74

Polyurethane-74

3.8

Polyurethane-74 is a synthetic film-former that helps makeup and skincare products last longer and feel smoother, with a low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-77

Polyurethane-77

3.8

Polyurethane-77 is a synthetic film-former that helps makeup and sunscreen stay put longer, but it may feel heavy on some skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-79

POLYURETHANE-79

3.8

Polyurethane-79 is a synthetic film-former that helps makeup last longer and resist water, but it may feel heavy on some skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-80

Polyurethane-80

3.8

Polyurethane-80 is a synthetic polymer that helps makeup and skincare products stay put longer and feel smoother, with a low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurethane-84

Polyurethane-84

3.8

Polyurethane-84 is a synthetic film-former that helps makeup and skincare stay put longer without feeling heavy or sticky.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyvinyl Alcohol

Polyvinyl Alcohol

3.8

Polyvinyl alcohol creates a satisfying peel-off film in masks, but it's a synthetic polymer with limited skin benefit beyond the temporary tightening sensation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyvinyl Alcohol Crosspolymer

POLYVINYLALCOHOL CROSSPOLYMER

3.8

A synthetic film-former that gives peel-off masks their satisfying peel, but may feel tight or drying for some skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyvinyl Butyral

POLYVINYL BUTYRAL

3.5

A synthetic film-former that helps makeup and hair products resist water and last longer, but it's not a skincare active.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyvinyl Isobutyl Ether

POLYVINYL ISOBUTYL ETHER

3.5

A synthetic film-former that helps products stay put and resist water, but offers no active skincare benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyvinyl Laurate

POLYVINYL LAURATE

3.8

A synthetic film-former that helps products stay put and resist water, but offers no active skincare benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyvinyl Stearyl Ether

POLYVINYL STEARYL ETHER

3.8

A synthetic film-former that helps products stay put and feel smooth, but offers no active skincare benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyvinylacetamide

POLYVINYLACETAMIDE

3.5

A synthetic film-former that helps products spread smoothly and feel lightweight on skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyvinylcaprolactam

Polyvinylcaprolactam

3.8

A synthetic film-former that helps products stay put and resist water, but offers no active skincare benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film-Former

Polyvinylformamide

POLYVINYLFORMAMIDE

3.5

A synthetic film-former that helps create peel-off masks and gives a smooth, tight feel on skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyvinylidene Difluoride

Polyvinylidene Difluoride

2.5

A synthetic film-former used for water resistance and durability, not a beneficial skincare active.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Potassium Cellulose Succinate

Potassium Cellulose Succinate

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived film former that helps products spread smoothly and leaves a comfortable, non-sticky feel on skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film-Former

Potassium Silicate

POTASSIUM SILICATE

3.5

Potassium Silicate helps create a smooth, protective film on skin but can be drying or irritating at high concentrations.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

PPG-12/SMDI Copolymer

PPG-12/SMDI Copolymer

3.5

A synthetic film-former that helps makeup and sunscreen stay put longer, but may feel tight or heavy on some skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

PPG-17/IPDI/DMPA Copolymer

PPG-17/IPDI/DMPA Copolymer

3.8

A synthetic polymer that helps makeup and sunscreen stay put longer, but offers no direct skin benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

PPG-2 Diurethane

BIS-(C12-14 ALKYL PPG-2) HEXAMETHYLENEDIUREA

3.8

A synthetic film-former that helps products stay put and resist water, but offers no active skincare benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

PPG-26/TDI Copolymer

PPG-26/TDI Copolymer

3.8

A synthetic polymer that helps makeup and sunscreen stay put longer, but it's not a skincare active and may feel heavy on oily skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Propanediol Rosinates

Propanediol Rosinates

3.5

A pine-derived film former that helps makeup last longer and resist water, but may feel tacky or heavy on some skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Protamine Sulfate

PROTAMINE SULFATE

3.5

Protamine sulfate is a gentle film-forming protein that can help condition hair and skin, but its benefits are mild and not well-studied in cosmetics.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

PTFE Acetoxypropyl Betaine

Polytetrafluoroethylene Acetoxypropyl Betaine

3.5

A synthetic ingredient that creates a smooth, water-resistant film on skin, but its environmental persistence raises concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review