Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 842
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Film Former

Polydiallyl Phthalate

POLYDIALLYL PHTHALATE

3.5

Polydiallyl phthalate is a synthetic film-former that helps products stay put, but its use is limited due to concerns about phthalate-related safety and environmental persistence.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polydiethylsiloxane

POLYDIETHYLSILOXANE

4.0

A gentle silicone that helps products glide on smoothly and leaves skin feeling soft without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polydipentene

POLYDIPENTENE

3.5

Polydipentene is a synthetic polymer that helps create a flexible, water-resistant film on skin or lashes, but it offers no active skincare benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyester Film Former

POLYPENTAERYTHRITYL TEREPHTHALATE

3.8

A synthetic film former that helps products stay put and resist water, but offers no active skincare benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyester-5 Polymer

ISOPHTHALIC ACID/PENTAERYTHRITOL CROSSPOLYMER BENZOATE/ISOSTEARATE

4.0

A synthetic polymer that helps makeup and skincare stay put without feeling heavy or sticky.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyethylacrylate

Polyethylacrylate

3.8

Polyethylacrylate is a safe, synthetic film-former that helps products stay put and resist water, but it may feel slightly tight or heavy on very dry or sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyethylene Isoterphthalate

POLYETHYLENE ISOTEREPHTHALATE

3.0

A synthetic polymer that helps products form a flexible film on skin or lashes, but offers no active skincare benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyethylene Naphthalate

POLYETHYLENE NAPHTHALATE

2.0

Polyethylene Naphthalate is a synthetic polymer used mainly in packaging and as a film former in cosmetics, but it offers no direct skin benefit and raises environmental concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyethylene/IPDI Copolymer

POLYETHYLENE/ISOPROPYL MALEATE/MA COPOLYOL

3.5

A synthetic film-former that helps products resist water and last longer, but offers no active skincare benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyethylhexyl Acrylate

Polyethylhexyl Acrylate

3.8

A synthetic film-former that helps makeup and sunscreen stay put longer without feeling heavy or sticky.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyethylhexyl Methacrylate

Polyethylhexyl Methacrylate

3.8

A synthetic film-former that helps makeup last longer and resist water, but may feel heavy on very sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyglyceryl Ester Copolymer

POLYGLYCERYL-2 ISONONANOATE/DIMER DILINOLEATE COPOLYMER

4.0

A gentle, biodegradable polymer that improves product feel and wear without clogging pores or irritating skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareemollientfilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyglyceryl Shea Butter Crosspolymer

Polyglyceryl-10/Sebacic Acid/Shea Butter Crosspolymer

4.0

A gentle, plant-based film former that gives products a silky, non-greasy finish and helps ingredients stay put without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film-Forming Agent

Polyhydroxybutyrate

POLYHYDROXYBUTYRATE

4.0

A gentle, biodegradable film-former that helps lock in moisture and may support the skin barrier.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate

POLYHYDROXYETHYLMETHACRYLATE

3.8

A synthetic polymer that creates a smooth, silky feel on skin and helps other ingredients form a light, flexible film.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyisobutyl Methacrylate

POLYISOBUTYL METHACRYLATE

3.5

A synthetic film-former that helps makeup and sunscreen stay put, but offers no skincare benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyisoprene

POLYISOPRENE

3.5

Polyisoprene is a synthetic rubber-like polymer that helps cosmetics stay put, but it offers no active skincare benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polymethacryloyl Lysine

POLYMETHACRYLOYL LYSINE

4.0

A gentle film-forming ingredient that helps products feel silky and stay put without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polymethylglutamate

Polymethylglutamate

4.0

A gentle, amino-acid-based polymer that helps skincare products feel silky and stay put without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyoxymethylene Cyanoguanidine Urea

POLYOXYMETHYLENE CYANOGUANIDINE UREA

3.0

A synthetic film-former that helps products stay put, but it's rarely used in modern skincare and has limited research on long-term skin effects.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polypentene

Polypentene

3.5

Polypentene is a synthetic polymer that helps products spread smoothly and form a light, flexible film on skin or hair.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyperfluoroisopropyl Ether

POLYPERFLUOROISOPROPYL ETHER

3.8

A synthetic, silicone-like ingredient that creates a smooth, water-resistant film on skin and hair, but raises environmental persistence concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polypropyl Methacrylate

POLYPROPYL METHACRYLATE

3.5

A synthetic film-former that helps makeup and skincare last longer and feel smoother, but offers no active skin benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polypropylene Terephthalate

POLYPROPYLENE TEREPHTHALATE

3.5

A synthetic film-former that helps makeup and hair products stay put, but offers no active skincare benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyquaternium-29

Polyquaternium-29

4.0

A gentle, synthetic polymer that smooths hair and skin by forming a thin, flexible film.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehaircarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyquaternium-9

Polyquaternium-9

3.8

Polyquaternium-9 is a gentle conditioning polymer that helps reduce frizz and static without heavy buildup.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehaircarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-1

Polysilicone-1

4.0

Polysilicone-1 is a gentle silicone that helps products spread smoothly and stay put without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-1 Crosspolymer

Polysilicone-1 Crosspolymer

4.0

A gentle silicone polymer that creates a smooth, velvety feel on skin and helps products spread evenly without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-13

Polysilicone-13

3.8

Polysilicone-13 is a gentle silicone that helps products spread smoothly and resist water, but it offers no active skincare benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-14

POLYSILICONE-14

4.0

Polysilicone-14 is a gentle film-forming silicone that helps products last longer and feel smooth, but it may not suit everyone who prefers silicone-free routines.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-16

Polysilicone-16

3.8

Polysilicone-16 is a gentle silicone that helps products glide on smoothly and leaves hair and skin feeling soft without heavy buildup.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehaircarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-18

Polysilicone-18

4.0

Polysilicone-18 is a gentle silicone film-former that helps products stay put and resist water, but it may feel heavy on oily or acne-prone skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-18 Stearate

POLYSILICONE-18 STEARATE

4.0

A gentle silicone that helps products glide on smoothly and stay put without clogging pores or causing irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-2

POLYSILICONE-2

3.8

Polysilicone-2 is a gentle silicone that smooths skin and hair without heavy buildup, but offers no active skincare benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehaircarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-20

POLYSILICONE-20

4.0

Polysilicone-20 is a gentle silicone that helps products spread smoothly and leaves skin feeling soft without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-21

POLYSILICONE-21

4.0

Polysilicone-21 is a gentle, non-comedogenic film former that helps products spread smoothly and resist water without feeling heavy.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-22

POLYSILICONE-22

4.0

Polysilicone-22 is a gentle film-forming silicone that helps products resist water and sweat while leaving a smooth, non-greasy feel.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-23

POLYSILICONE-23

4.0

Polysilicone-23 is a gentle silicone that creates a smooth, non-greasy film on skin and hair, but it may not suit those avoiding silicones entirely.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehaircarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-26

POLYSILICONE-26

3.8

Polysilicone-26 is a gentle silicone that helps products spread smoothly and stay put, but it may feel heavy for oily skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-27

POLYSILICONE-27

3.8

Polysilicone-27 is a gentle film-forming silicone that helps makeup and sunscreen stay put without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-28

POLYSILICONE-28

4.0

Polysilicone-28 is a gentle film-forming silicone that helps products glide on smoothly and stay put without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-30

Polysilicone-30

3.8

Polysilicone-30 is a gentle film-forming silicone that helps products feel smooth and stay put, but it may not suit those who prefer silicone-free routines.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-31

Polysilicone-31

4.0

Polysilicone-31 is a gentle silicone that creates a smooth, velvety finish on skin without clogging pores, making it a popular choice for primers and long-wear makeup.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-33

Polysilicone-33

4.0

Polysilicone-33 is a gentle silicone that creates a smooth, velvety finish on skin and helps products spread evenly without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-7

POLYSILICONE-7

4.0

Polysilicone-7 is a gentle film-forming silicone that helps products spread smoothly and resist water, but it may not suit those avoiding silicones entirely.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarehaircarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polysilicone-8

POLYSILICONE-8

4.0

Polysilicone-8 is a gentle silicone that creates a smooth, breathable film on skin and hair, improving texture without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polystearyl Methacrylate

Polystearyl Methacrylate

3.8

A synthetic film-former that helps makeup last longer and resist water, but may feel heavy on very oily skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polystyrene

POLYSTYRENE

2.5

Polystyrene is a synthetic plastic used mainly in nail polish and peel-off masks; it's generally safe in small amounts but raises environmental concerns.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurea Crosspolymer-1

Polyurea Crosspolymer-1

3.8

A synthetic polymer that helps products stay put longer, but offers no active skincare benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurea Crosspolymer-2

Polyurea Crosspolymer-2

3.8

A synthetic film-former that helps makeup and sunscreen stay put longer, but offers no active skincare benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurea Crosspolymer-4

Polyurea Crosspolymer-4

3.8

A synthetic polymer that helps products spread smoothly and stay put, with a low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review

Film Former

Polyurea Crosspolymer-5

POLYUREA CROSSPOLYMER-5

3.8

Polyurea Crosspolymer-5 is a synthetic polymer that helps makeup and skincare products last longer and feel smoother on the skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

beautyskincarefilm-former
Read ingredient review