Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 473
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Exfoliant

Hassaku/Natsudaidai Peel Powder

CITRUS HASSAKU/NATSUDAIDAI PEEL POWDER

3.8

A gentle powdered exfoliant from citrus peels that can brighten skin but may cause irritation for sensitive types.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Hazelnut Seed Powder

Corylus Avellana Seed Powder

3.8

A gentle, natural exfoliant that also helps absorb excess oil, but may be too gritty for sensitive skin if not finely milled.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Hazelnut Shell Powder

Corylus Avellana Shell Powder

3.8

A gentle, natural physical exfoliant that helps smooth skin without harsh chemicals, but may feel too gritty for sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Hemp Seed Cake Powder

Cannabis Sativa Seedcake Powder

3.8

A gentle, natural exfoliant packed with fatty acids and antioxidants, ideal for dry or sensitive skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Hemp Stem Powder

CANNABIS SATIVA STEM POWDER

3.5

A natural, biodegradable physical exfoliant from hemp stems that gently buffs away dead skin cells without harsh microplastics.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Skin conditioning agent

Hexanediol Disalicylate

Hexanediol Disalicylate

3.5

A gentle exfoliating ester that helps smooth skin and improve texture with low irritation potential.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Exfoliant

Hexyl Ketoglutarate Esters

HEXYL KETOGLUTARATE ESTERS

3.8

A gentle synthetic exfoliant that may help smooth skin texture without the irritation of traditional acids.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Exfoliant

Hibiscus Ferment Filtrate

RHIZOPUS/HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA FLOWER FERMENT FILTRATE

3.8

A gentle fermented hibiscus ingredient that may offer mild exfoliation and antioxidant benefits, but research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

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Exfoliant

Hibiscus Flower Powder

HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA FLOWER POWDER

4.0

A gentle, natural exfoliant that also provides antioxidant benefits, but may not suit very sensitive skin due to its physical texture.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Hibiscus Stem Powder

Hibiscus Cannabinus Stem Powder

3.8

A natural, gentle exfoliating powder from the hibiscus plant stem, ideal for physical scrubs without harsh microbeads.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Hippuric Acid

HIPPURIC ACID

3.5

Hippuric acid is a gentle, naturally derived exfoliant with antioxidant potential, but research on its cosmetic benefits is still limited compared to more established acids.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Hydrolyzed Papaya Fruit

Hydrolyzed Papaya Fruit

4.0

A gentle fruit-derived exfoliant that dissolves dead skin cells without harsh scrubbing, ideal for sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Hydrolyzed Pineapple Fruit

HYDROLYZED ANANAS SATIVUS FRUIT

4.0

A gentle, fruit-derived exfoliant that helps smooth skin texture without harsh scrubbing, thanks to natural enzymes and antioxidants.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareexfoliantantioxidant
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Exfoliant

Hydroxycapric Acid

Hydroxycapric Acid

4.0

A mild AHA that exfoliates and hydrates without the sting of stronger acids, ideal for sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Exfoliant

Hydroxycaprylic Acid

Hydroxycaprylic Acid

3.8

A mild AHA that exfoliates without the sting, ideal for sensitive skin looking for gentle surface renewal.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Exfoliant

Hydroxylauric Acid

Hydroxylauric Acid

4.0

A mild exfoliating acid that helps smooth skin and even tone with a lower irritation risk than stronger AHAs.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Exfoliant

Hydroxyphenoxy Propionic Acid

Hydroxyphenoxy Propionic Acid

4.0

A gentle, plant-based exfoliant that smooths skin and fades dark spots with minimal irritation, ideal for sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Hydroxyundecanoic Acid

Hydroxyundecanoic Acid

3.8

A gentle exfoliating acid that helps smooth skin texture and even tone without the irritation often associated with stronger acids.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Exfoliant

Indole Acetic Acid

Indole Acetic Acid

3.5

Indole acetic acid is a plant growth hormone that may help gently exfoliate and renew skin, but human research is still limited.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Isoamyl Salicylate

Isoamyl Salicylate

3.8

A gentle, oil-soluble exfoliant that helps smooth skin texture and enhance fragrance, but is less studied than salicylic acid.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Exfoliant

Ivory Nut Powder

PHYTELEPHAS AEQUATORIALIS SEED POWDER

4.0

A gentle, biodegradable natural exfoliant that polishes skin without microplastics, but may feel too coarse for very sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Jasmine Flower Powder

JASMINUM OFFICINALE FLOWER POWDER

3.8

A gentle, natural exfoliant with a pleasant floral scent, best suited for rinse-off products and sensitive skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Job's Tears Seed Powder

COIX LACRYMA-JOBI MA-YUEN SEED POWDER

3.8

A gentle, natural exfoliating powder that can help smooth skin without harsh abrasives, though research on its benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Jojoba Seed Powder

SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS SEED POWDER

3.8

Jojoba seed powder is a gentle, natural exfoliant that helps remove dead skin cells without over-stripping, making it suitable for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Kallikrein

Kallikrein

3.5

Kallikrein is a skin enzyme that gently exfoliates by breaking down dead skin cells, but its use in cosmetics is still emerging and may cause irritation for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

biotech

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Exfoliant

Keratinase

Keratinase

4.0

Keratinase is a gentle enzyme exfoliant that targets dead skin cells and rough skin without harsh scrubbing.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

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Exfoliant

Ketoglutaric Acid

KETOGLUTARIC ACID

3.8

A gentle alpha-keto acid that exfoliates and supports skin renewal with low irritation potential.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Kochia Scoparia Fruit Powder

KOCHIA SCOPARIA FRUIT POWDER

3.8

A gentle, plant-based powder that can help polish skin without harsh microbeads, but research on its benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Konjac Root Powder

AMORPHOPHALLUS KONJAC ROOT POWDER

4.0

A gentle, natural exfoliant from konjac root that helps smooth skin without harsh scrubbing.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Korean Fir Leaf Powder

Abies Koreana Leaf Powder

3.8

A gentle, natural exfoliating powder from Korean fir leaves that also offers antioxidant benefits, but may cause irritation if particles are too large or used too frequently.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Lactic Acid

Lactic Acid

4.3

Lactic acid is a gentle AHA that exfoliates dead skin cells while also attracting moisture, making it a great choice for dry or sensitive skin types looking for smoother texture.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincareexfolianthumectant
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Exfoliant

Lactide

Lactide

4.0

Lactide is a gentle, biodegradable exfoliant that helps smooth skin texture and boost hydration without harsh irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

beautyskincareexfolianthumectant
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Exfoliant

Lactis Faex

Lactis Faex

4.0

A gentle, naturally derived exfoliant and skin conditioner from fermented milk, suitable for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

beautyskincareexfoliantconditioning agent
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Exfoliant

Lactobacillus Coconut Ferment

LACTOBACILLUS/COCONUT FRUIT JUICE FERMENT FILTRATE

4.0

A gentle, probiotic-based exfoliant that helps smooth skin and support a healthy microbiome without harsh acids.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareexfolianthumectant
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Exfoliant

Lactobacillus Milk Ferment Powder

LACTOBACILLUS/NONFAT MILK FERMENT POWDER

4.0

A gentle probiotic ferment that helps exfoliate dead skin cells and support a balanced skin barrier without harsh acids.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareexfoliantsoothing agent
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Exfoliant

Lactobacillus Watermelon Ferment

Lactobacillus/Watermelon Fruit Ferment Extract

4.0

A gentle, fermented watermelon extract that provides mild exfoliation and hydration, ideal for sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareexfolianthumectant
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Exfoliant

Lactobacillus/Rye Flour Ferment

LACTOBACILLUS/RYE FLOUR FERMENT

4.0

A gentle fermented ingredient that offers mild exfoliation and skin conditioning, ideal for sensitive skin looking for a softer alternative to stronger acids.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

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Exfoliant

Lactobionic Acid

Lactobionic Acid

4.5

A gentle, hydrating exfoliant that smooths skin without the sting of stronger acids.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Exfoliant

Lactococcus Ferment Filtrate

LACTOCOCCUS/NONFAT MILK FERMENT FILTRATE

4.0

A gentle, probiotic-derived exfoliant that helps smooth skin texture and support a healthy skin barrier without harsh acids.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

beautyskincareexfoliantsoothing
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Absorbent

Lava Powder

Lava Powder

3.8

Lava powder is a natural mineral powder that helps absorb excess oil and gently exfoliate skin, but it can be abrasive for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

beautyskincareexfoliantabsorbent
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Exfoliant

Lavender Flower Powder

Lavandula Angustifolia Flower Powder

3.5

Lavender flower powder adds gentle physical exfoliation and a calming scent, but its coarse particles and potential for irritation mean it's best suited for rinse-off products and not for sensitive or acne-prone skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Lemon Fruit Powder

Citrus Limon Fruit Powder

3.8

Lemon fruit powder offers gentle exfoliation and antioxidant benefits, but its acidity and phototoxicity risk require careful formulation and usage.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Lemon Peel Powder

CITRUS LIMON PEEL POWDER

3.8

Lemon Peel Powder offers gentle physical exfoliation and antioxidant benefits, but its citrus oils can increase sun sensitivity and irritation risk.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Lemongrass Leaf Powder

Cymbopogon Citratus Leaf Powder

3.8

A gentle natural exfoliant with a fresh citrus scent, but may cause irritation for sensitive skin due to its essential oil content.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Levulinic Acid

Levulinic Acid

4.0

A mild, plant-derived exfoliant that gently smooths skin without the sting of stronger acids.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Ligninase

Ligninase

3.8

Ligninase is a gentle enzyme exfoliant that helps brighten skin by breaking down dead surface cells, but research on its cosmetic benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

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Exfoliant

Lignum Powder

LIGNUM POWDER

3.5

Lignum powder is a natural wood-based exfoliant that gently sloughs dead skin, but its particle size and source can affect how abrasive it feels.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Lime Peel Powder

Citrus Aurantifolia Peel Powder

3.5

Lime peel powder offers gentle physical exfoliation and a bright scent, but its citrus oils can cause irritation or photosensitivity in some people.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Exfoliant

Limonia Acidissima Bark Powder

Limonia Acidissima Bark Powder

3.5

A gentle, natural exfoliating powder from wood apple bark, best for those who prefer plant-based physical exfoliants.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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