Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 2,268
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Emollient

Distearyl Ether

DISTEARYL ETHER

4.0

A gentle, waxy emollient that helps thicken and stabilize creams without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Emollient

Distearyl Thiodipropionate

DISTEARYL THIODIPROPIONATE

4.0

A gentle emollient and stabilizer that helps keep products smooth and extends their shelf life, with a very low risk of irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Emollient

Ditridecyl Adipate

Ditridecyl Adipate

4.0

A lightweight, non-greasy emollient that helps skin feel soft and smooth without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Emollient

Docosane

Docosane

3.5

Docosane is a gentle, non-greasy wax that helps skincare products feel smooth and stay put without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Emollient

Dodecylhexadecanol

DODECYLHEXADECANOL

3.8

A gentle, synthetic fatty alcohol that softens skin and improves product texture with a low risk of irritation or clogged pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Emollient

Dodecyltetradecanol

DODECYLTETRADECANOL

4.0

A gentle, non-greasy emollient that softens skin and improves product texture with minimal irritation risk.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Emollient

Donkey Milk

Donkey Milk

3.8

Donkey milk is a gentle, nutrient-rich moisturizer that may soothe sensitive skin, but scientific evidence for its cosmetic benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Emollient

Donkey Milk Extract

DONKEY SKIN EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, protein-rich ingredient that helps hydrate and soothe the skin, but scientific evidence is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Emollient

Duck Fat

Anas Platyrhynchos Oil

3.5

Duck fat is a rich emollient that can deeply moisturize dry skin, but its moderate comedogenic rating means it may clog pores for some people.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Emollient

Echinops Seed Oil

Echinops Sphaerocephalus Seed Oil

4.0

A gentle, plant-based oil that hydrates and softens skin without clogging pores, though research on its specific benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Emollient

Eclipta Prostrata Wax

ECLIPTA PROSTRATA WAX

3.8

A gentle plant wax that helps soften and protect skin, but scientific research on its specific benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Emollient

Egg Oil

EGG OIL

3.8

Egg oil is a natural emollient rich in fatty acids and lecithin, offering moisturizing benefits but with moderate comedogenic potential for acne-prone skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Emollient

Eicosane

Eicosane

3.5

Eicosane is a safe, lightweight emollient that helps products spread smoothly without feeling greasy.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Emollient

Eicosatrienoic Acid

Eicosatrienoic Acid

3.8

Eicosatrienoic Acid is a gentle fatty acid that helps reinforce the skin barrier and improve moisture retention, though research on its cosmetic benefits is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Emollient

Elderberry Seed Oil

SAMBUCUS NIGRA SEED OIL

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich oil that hydrates and helps protect skin from environmental stress, though research on its specific benefits is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Emollient

Elderberry Wax

SAMBUCUS NIGRA WAX

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived wax that adds richness and a smooth feel to balms and creams without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Emollient

Emu Oil

EMU OIL

3.8

Emu oil is a rich emollient that helps soften skin and may support a healthy skin barrier, but its sourcing raises ethical and sustainability questions.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Plasticizer

Epoxidized Soybean Oil

EPOXIDIZED SOYBEAN OIL

3.0

A modified oil that helps formulas stay flexible and stable, but offers little direct skin benefit.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Emollient

Equi Lipida

Equi Lipida

4.0

Equi Lipida is a gentle, lipid-rich ingredient that helps restore the skin barrier and lock in moisture, making it a good choice for dry or sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Slip Agent

Erucamide

ERUCAMIDE

3.5

Erucamide is a synthetic lubricant that improves the glide and feel of makeup and skincare, with a strong safety record at low use levels.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Emollient

Erucyl Arachidate

ERUCYL ARACHIDATE

4.0

Erucyl Arachidate is a gentle, non-greasy emollient that helps soften and smooth skin without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Emollient

Erucyl Erucate

ERUCYL ERUCATE

4.0

A lightweight, plant-derived emollient that softens skin and improves product texture with a low risk of irritation or clogged pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Emollient

Erucyl Oleate

Erucyl Oleate

4.0

Erucyl Oleate is a gentle emollient that softens and smooths skin without feeling greasy, making it a good choice for dry or sensitive skin.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Emollient

Erythrityl Triethylhexanoate

ERYTHRITYL TRIETHYLHEXANOATE

4.0

A lightweight synthetic emollient that softens skin without clogging pores, ideal for oily or combination skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Emollient

Ethoxydiglycol Behenate

ETHOXYDIGLYCOL BEHENATE

4.2

A gentle synthetic emollient that helps skin feel soft and smooth without clogging pores or causing irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Emollient

Ethoxydiglycol Isostearate

ETHOXYDIGLYCOL ISOSTEARATE

4.0

A gentle, non-greasy emollient that helps soften skin and improve product texture without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Emollient

Ethoxydiglycol Oleate

ETHOXYDIGLYCOL OLEATE

3.8

A gentle emollient that helps soften skin and improve product texture, with a low risk of irritation or clogged pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Emollient

Ethyl Acetoxyhexanoate

Ethyl Acetoxyhexanoate

3.5

A lightweight synthetic emollient that helps soften skin without a greasy feel, but it's not a star ingredient—just a supporting player in formulations.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Emollient

Ethyl Almondate

Ethyl Almondate

4.0

A lightweight, non-greasy emollient derived from almond oil that hydrates and softens skin without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Emollient

Ethyl Apricot Kernelate

ETHYL APRICOT KERNELATE

4.0

A lightweight, plant-based emollient that hydrates without greasiness, suitable for most skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Emollient

Ethyl Arachidonate

ETHYL ARACHIDONATE

3.5

Ethyl Arachidonate is a fatty acid ester that helps soften and condition skin, but its role in inflammation and acne risk requires cautious use.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Emollient

Ethyl Arganate

ETHYL ARGANATE

4.0

A lightweight, semi-synthetic emollient derived from argan oil that softens skin without a heavy or greasy feel.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Emollient

Ethyl Avocadate

Ethyl Avocadate

4.0

A gentle, plant-based emollient that helps soften and smooth skin without clogging pores, ideal for dry or sensitive skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Emollient

Ethyl Canolate

Ethyl Canolate

4.0

A gentle, plant-based emollient that helps soften and smooth the skin without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Emollient

Ethyl Caprate

Ethyl Caprate

4.0

A lightweight, non-greasy emollient that softens skin without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Emollient

Ethyl Citrates

Ethyl Citrates

4.0

Ethyl Citrates are gentle, multifunctional ingredients that soften skin and improve product texture, with a strong safety profile.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Emollient

Ethyl Cyclohexyl Propionate

ETHYL CYCLOHEXYL PROPIONATE

4.0

A lightweight synthetic emollient that softens skin without a greasy feel, generally well-tolerated and non-irritating.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Emollient

Ethyl Ethylhexanoate

Ethyl Ethylhexanoate

4.0

A lightweight, non-greasy emollient that helps soften skin and improve product texture without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Emollient

Ethyl Glycerin Acetal Levulinate

ETHYL GLYCERIN ACETAL LEVULINATE

4.0

A gentle, multi-tasking ingredient that hydrates, softens skin, and helps preserve formulas without harsh chemicals.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Emollient

Ethyl Isostearate

Ethyl Isostearate

4.0

A lightweight, non-greasy emollient that softens skin without clogging pores, making it a good choice for oily and acne-prone skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Emollient

Ethyl Jojobate

ETHYL JOJOBATE

4.5

A gentle, plant-based emollient that softens skin without clogging pores, ideal for sensitive and oily skin types.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Emollient

Ethyl Laurate

Ethyl Laurate

4.0

A lightweight, non-greasy emollient that helps soften skin and improve product texture without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Emollient

Ethyl Linoleate

Ethyl Linoleate

4.0

A gentle, non-greasy emollient derived from linoleic acid that helps soften and smooth skin without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Emollient

Ethyl Linolenate

Ethyl Linolenate

3.8

A gentle emollient that helps soften skin and support the skin barrier, but it's less studied than its parent fatty acid.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Emollient

Ethyl Macadamiate

ETHYL MACADAMIATE

4.3

A gentle, non-greasy emollient derived from macadamia nut oil that hydrates and softens skin with a silky finish.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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