Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 4,092
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Antioxidant

Sedum Takesimense Extract

Sedum Takesimense Leaf/Stem Extract

3.8

A gentle, plant-based antioxidant that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Sequoia Stem Extract

SEQUOIA SEMPERVIRENS STEM EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Service Tree Fruit Extract

SORBUS TORMINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its specific skincare benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Serviceberry Fruit Extract

Amelanchier canadensis fruit extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich fruit extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Sesame Meristem Cell Extract

Sesamum Indicum Meristem Cell Culture Extract

3.8

A gentle, lab-grown plant cell extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

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Antioxidant

Sesame Sprout Extract

SESAMUM INDICUM SPROUT EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract from sesame sprouts that may help calm skin and protect against environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Sessile Oak Extract

Quercus Petraea Bark/Wood/Leaf Extract

3.8

A gentle plant extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress and temporarily tighten pores, but research is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Sessile Oak Fruit Extract

Quercus Petraea Fruit Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research on its cosmetic benefits is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Shaggy Mane Mushroom Powder

COPRINUS COMATUS POWDER

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich mushroom powder that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

She-Oak Branch/Leaf Extract

CASUARINA STRICTA BRANCH/LEAF EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research is still early and benefits are not yet proven in human skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Shea Leaf Extract

Butyrospermum Parkii Leaf Extract

3.8

A gentle, plant-based antioxidant extract that may help calm skin and defend against environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Shea Seedcake Extract

Butyrospermum Parkii Seedcake Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract from shea nut leftovers that helps soothe and protect skin without the heavy feel of shea butter.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Sheep Polypore Mushroom Extract

Albatrellus Ovinus Extract

3.5

A mushroom extract with antioxidant potential, but research is limited and benefits are not well-established in human skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Sheep Sorrel Extract

Rumex Acetosella Extract

3.8

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its skincare benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Shell Ginger Extract

Alpinia Speciosa Flower/Leaf/Seed/Stem Extract

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its specific skin benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Shiikuwasa Fruit Water

Citrus Depressa Fruit Water

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich fruit water that can help refresh and protect the skin, but its benefits are less concentrated than a pure extract.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Shiitake Mushroom Extract

Corthellus Shiitake Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich mushroom extract that helps soothe and protect skin from environmental stress.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Shiitake Mycelium Extract

LENTINUS EDODES MYCELIUM EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich fungal extract that may help calm skin and defend against environmental stress.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Shiitake Mycelium Ferment Extract

LENTINUS EDODES MYCELIUM FERMENT FILTRATE EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich mushroom ferment that may help calm skin and defend against environmental stress.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Shinanoki Ekisu

Shinanoki Ekisu

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research is limited and benefits are not yet well-established.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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UV absorber

Shinorine

SHINORINE

4.0

Shinorine is a natural, algae-derived UV filter and antioxidant that helps protect skin from sun damage without the irritation of some synthetic filters.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Shonan Gold Citrus Fruit Water

Citrus Shonan-Gold Fruit Water

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich fruit water that adds a touch of freshness and protection to skincare formulas, but research on its specific benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Shorea Robusta Leaf Extract

Shorea Robusta Leaf Extract

3.8

A gentle, plant-derived antioxidant that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Shunkokan Fruit Extract

Citrus Shunkokan Fruit Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich citrus extract that may help brighten and soothe skin, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Shunkokan Peel Extract

Citrus Shunkokan Peel Extract

3.8

A gentle citrus peel extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Siberian Chrysanthemum Extract

Chrysanthemum Sibiricum Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Siberian Cocklebur Fruit Extract

XANTHIUM SIBIRICUM FRUIT EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research is still early and benefits are not yet proven in human skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Siberian Columbine Extract

AQUILEGIA SIBIRICA FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACT

3.5

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research is limited and benefits are not well-established.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Siberian Crab Apple Extract

Malus Baccata Fruit/Leaf/Stem Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical extract that helps protect skin from environmental stress and supports a healthy-looking complexion.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Siberian Fern Extract

Diplazium Sibiricum Leaf/Stem Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich fern extract that may help calm stressed skin, though human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Siberian Fir Needle Extract

Abies Sibirica Needle Extract

3.8

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its specific skin benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Siberian Ginseng Callus Extract

Acanthopanax Senticosus Callus Culture Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract from Siberian ginseng that may help calm skin and defend against environmental stress.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Siberian Ginseng Root Water

Acanthopanax Senticosus Root Water

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich root water that helps soothe and protect skin from environmental stress.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Siberian Hawkweed Extract

Crepis Sibirica Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that may help calm skin and protect against environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Siberian Larch Needle Extract

Larix Sibirica Needle Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical extract that may help calm skin and defend against environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Siberian Larch Wood Extract

Larix Sibirica Wood Extract

4.0

A gentle, plant-based antioxidant extract that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Siberian Motherwort Seed Extract

Leonurus Sibiricus Seed Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Siberian Pine Needle Extract

Pinus Sibirica Needle Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract from Siberian pine needles that may help calm skin and defend against environmental stress, though human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Siberian Pine Seed Extract

Pinus Sibirica Seed Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Siberian Rocket Extract

Hesperis Sibirica Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract

3.5

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Siberian Sea Holly Extract

MESSERSCHMIDIA SIBIRICA EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract from a Siberian plant that may help calm skin and fight environmental stress, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Siberian Spruce Needle Extract

Picea obovata needle extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that may help calm skin and protect against environmental stress, though research on its specific benefits is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Sichuan Pepper Fruit Extract

ZANTHOXYLUM BUNGEANUM FRUIT EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its cosmetic benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Sideritis Hyssopifolia Extract

SIDERITIS HYSSOPIFOLIA FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical extract that may help calm skin and defend against environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Sideritis Perfoliata Extract

Sideritis Perfoliata Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical extract that may help calm skin and defend against environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Sideritis Raeseri Extract

Sideritis Raeseri Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical extract from Greek mountain tea that may help calm skin and defend against environmental stress.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Silanetriol Melaninate

Silanetriol Melaninate

3.8

A synthetic melanin-silane hybrid that may help defend against oxidative stress and support a more even complexion, though human research is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Antioxidant

Silene Firma Extract

SILENE FIRMA BRANCH/FRUIT/LEAF EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research is still early and benefits are not yet proven in humans.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Soothing agent

Silene Velutina Extract

SILENE VELUTINA EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research is still early and benefits are not yet proven in humans.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Silk Grass Leaf Extract

CYMBOPOGON BOMBYCINUS LEAF EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract from Australian silk grass that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Silk Tree Seed Extract

Albizia Julibrissin Seed Extract

3.8

A gentle botanical extract that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Silver Fern Leaf Extract

Cyathea medullaris leaf extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich fern extract that may help soothe and protect skin, though human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Silver Fir Cone Extract

Abies Alba Cone Extract

3.8

A gentle plant extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Silver Fir Leaf Extract

Abies Pectinata Leaf Extract

3.8

A gentle, plant-based antioxidant that may help calm skin and defend against environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Silver Fir Needle Extract

Abies Pectinata Needle Extract

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived antioxidant that may help calm skin and protect against environmental stress.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Silver Fir Seed Extract

Abies Alba Seed Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that may help calm skin and fight environmental stress, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Silver Fir Wood Extract

Abies Alba Wood Extract

3.8

A gentle, plant-based antioxidant extract that may help calm skin and fight environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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