Beauty ingredient research

Beauty ingredients explained in plain English

Browse the review database to understand what an ingredient is, what it does in a beauty formula, when it is useful, and when it deserves caution across skincare, haircare, bodycare, makeup, and more.

20769

Reviewed ingredients

524

Low-concern standouts

2884

Need usage caution

Showing 60 of 4,092
AllUV absorberUV filterabrasiveabsorbentacne treatmentactiveactive ingredientadhesivealkalizing agentamino acidanti-aginganti-androgenanti-cavityanti-cavity agentanti-inflammatoryanti-irritantanticariesanticavity agentantidandruffantifungalantimicrobialantioxidantantiperspirantantiplaqueastringentbarrier repairbarrier supportbarrier-repairbarrier-supportbinderbinding agentbiotechbiotechnologybond-builderbotanicalbotanical extractbotanical oilbotanical waterbrighteningbrightening agentbufferbuffering agentcell-communicating ingredientceramidechelating agentchemicalchemical intermediateclaycleansercleansingcleansing agentcolorantconditionerconditioningconditioning agentcooling agentcosmeticcosmetic additivecosmetic colorantcosmetic ingredientcosmetic pigmentcosmetic powdercosmetic-texturizercosmetic-waxcosmeticscrosslinking agentdelivery agentdelivery systemdenaturantdeodorantdeodorant agentdepigmenting agentdepilatorydepilatory agentdesensitizing agentdyedye intermediatedye precursordye-intermediateemollientemulsifierenzymeessential oilexfoliantexperimentaleyelashfermentfilm formerfilm-formerfilm-formingfilm-forming agentfirming agentfixativeflavoring agentformulationfragrancefragrance ingredientfunctional ingredientgashair carehair colorhair coloranthair conditionerhair dyehair removalhair-carehair-colorhaircarehumectantindustrialinsecticideintermediatelashlash carelash enhancerlash-and-browlip carelipidmakeupmarine extractmasking agentmicrobiomemicrobiome modulatormineralmoisturizernail carenail-careocclusiveoilopacifieropacifying agentoptical agentoral careotheroxidative dyeoxidative dye precursoroxidizing agentpH adjusterpain reliefpenetration enhancerpeptidepersonal careph adjusterpharmaceuticalpheromonepigmentplant oilplasticizerpolymerpolymer precursorprebioticprescription-drugpreservativepreservative boosterprobioticprocessing agentprocessing aidpropellantproteinpurifyingreducing agentretinoidscalp caresebum regulatorsebum-regulatorself-tannerself-tanningsensory additivesensory agentsensory modifiersiliconeskin barrierskin barrier supportskin conditionerskin conditioningskin conditioning agentskin lighteningskin protectantskin-conditioningskin-conditioning agentskin-identicalskin-identical ingredientskin-lighteningskin-lightening agentskincaresolventsoothingsoothing agentstabilizerstimulantsunscreensurfactantsyntheticsynthetic colorantsynthetic dyesynthetic resinsynthetic-coloranttexture enhancertexturizerthickenertoneruv-absorberuv-filtervasoactivevasodilatorviscosity controlviscosity controllingviscosity controlling agentvitaminwax

Antioxidant

Cotton Bud Extract

Gossypium Herbaceum Bud Extract

3.8

A gentle, plant-based extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its specific benefits in skincare is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cotton Callus Culture Extract

Gossypium Herbaceum Callus Culture

3.8

A lab-grown cotton cell extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

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Antioxidant

Cotton Callus Extract

Gossypium Herbaceum Callus Extract

3.8

A gentle, plant-derived antioxidant that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cotton Callus Powder

Gossypium Herbaceum Callus Powder

3.8

A gentle, plant-derived ingredient that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cotton Leaf Cell Extract

Gossypium Arboreum Leaf Cell Extract

3.8

A gentle, plant-derived antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

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Antioxidant

Cotton Leaf Extract

Gossypium Herbaceum Leaf Extract

3.8

Cotton leaf extract is a gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical that may help soothe and protect skin, but research on its specific benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Soothing agent

Cotton Root Extract

Gossypium Herbaceum Root Extract

3.5

Cotton root extract is a gentle, plant-derived ingredient that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research on its cosmetic benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cotton Seedcake Extract

GOSSYPIUM HERBACEUM SEEDCAKE EXTRACT

3.5

A gentle, plant-based extract with antioxidant potential, but research is limited and it's not a standout ingredient.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cotton Thistle Extract

ONOPORDUM ACANTHIUM FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, plant-derived antioxidant that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cowpea Seed Extract

DOLICHOS UNGUICULATA SEED EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cranberry Fruit Juice

VACCINIUM MICROCARPUM FRUIT JUICE

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich fruit juice that helps soothe and protect skin from environmental stress.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cranberry Fruit Powder

VACCINIUM MACROCARPON FRUIT POWDER

4.0

Cranberry fruit powder offers gentle exfoliation and antioxidant protection, but its benefits are best supported by whole-fruit research rather than isolated powder studies.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cranberry Fruit Water

VACCINIUM OXYCOCCOS FRUIT WATER

4.0

Cranberry fruit water is a gentle, antioxidant-rich ingredient that can help soothe and hydrate the skin, but its benefits are mild compared to more concentrated extracts.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cranberry Seed Extract

VACCINIUM OXYCOCCOS SEED EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich extract that helps protect skin from environmental stress while providing light moisture.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Crape Myrtle Flower Extract

Lagerstroemia Indica Flower Extract

3.8

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research on its specific skin benefits is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Crepidiastrum Extract

Crepidiastrum denticulatum leaf/stem extract

3.8

A gentle plant extract with antioxidant potential, but research is still early and benefits are not yet proven in human skin.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Crepidiastrum Leaf Extract

CREPIDIASTRUM LANCEOLATUM LEAF EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that may help calm and protect skin, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Crested Wheatgrass Extract

Agropyron Cristatum Extract

3.8

A gentle botanical extract that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cretan Oregano Extract

ORIGANUM CRETIUM HERB EXTRACT

3.5

A plant extract with antioxidant potential, but limited research on topical benefits and a moderate risk of skin irritation.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Antimicrobial

Cretan Oregano Herb Oil

ORIGANUM CRETIUM HERB OIL

3.5

A potent essential oil with antimicrobial potential, but high irritation risk limits its use in leave-on skincare.

Irritation

high

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Crimson Glory Vine Fruit Extract

Vitis Coignetiae Fruit Extract

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich fruit extract that helps protect skin from environmental stress while providing mild soothing benefits.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Crocin

CROCIN

3.8

Crocin is a gentle antioxidant from saffron that may help brighten skin and fight oxidative stress, but human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Crocus Chrysanthus Bulb Extract

Crocus Chrysanthus Bulb Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that may help calm skin and fight free radical damage, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Croton Glabellus Bark Extract

Croton Glabellus Bark Extract

3.5

A gentle botanical extract with antioxidant potential, but research is limited and benefits are not yet well-established.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Crowberry Extract

EMPETRUM NIGRUM FLOWER/FRUIT/LEAF EXTRACT

4.0

Crowberry extract is a gentle, antioxidant-rich ingredient that helps protect skin from environmental damage, though research on its specific cosmetic benefits is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cucurbitacin B

Cucurbitacin B

3.5

Cucurbitacin B is a plant-derived compound with promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, but its use in cosmetics is still emerging and requires careful formulation due to potential irritation at higher levels.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cudrania Callus Extract

CUDRANIA TRICUSPIDATA CALLUS CULTURE EXTRACT

4.0

A lab-grown plant antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress, but human studies are still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

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Antioxidant

Cudrania Meristem Cell Extract

CUDRANIA TRICUSPIDATA MERISTEM CELL EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, plant-derived antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress and support a more even tone, though human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

biotech

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Antioxidant

Culilawan Wood Extract

Cinnamomum Culilawan Wood Extract

3.5

A fragrant wood extract with antioxidant potential, but limited research and a moderate risk of skin irritation.

Irritation

moderate

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cumin Fruit Extract

Cuminum Cyminum Fruit Extract

3.8

Cumin Fruit Extract offers antioxidant benefits and mild soothing effects, but research on its topical use is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cupric Acetate

Cupric Acetate

3.5

Cupric acetate is a copper salt that may offer antioxidant benefits, but it is used in very low concentrations and can be irritating for sensitive skin.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

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Antioxidant

Cupric Chloride

Cupric Chloride

3.5

Cupric chloride is a copper compound that may support skin repair and antioxidant defense, but it is used in tiny amounts and can be irritating at higher levels.

Irritation

moderate

Source

synthetic

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Antioxidant

Cupuaçu Fruit Extract

THEOBROMA GRANDIFLORUM FRUIT EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich fruit extract that helps soothe and hydrate skin without irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Humectant

Cupuacu Fruit Juice

THEOBROMA GRANDIFLORUM FRUIT JUICE

4.0

A gentle, hydrating fruit juice rich in antioxidants that helps soothe and moisturize the skin without clogging pores.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cupuacu Fruit Juice Powder

THEOBROMA GRANDIFLORUM FRUIT JUICE POWDER

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich fruit powder that helps hydrate and protect skin from environmental stress.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Curcuma Zedoaria Root Water

Curcuma Zedoaria Root Water

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich water from white turmeric that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Curcumin

Curcumin

3.8

Curcumin is a potent antioxidant from turmeric that may help calm redness and protect skin from environmental stress, but its bright yellow color can stain skin and fabrics.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Curcuminyl Glutaroyl Tripeptide-7

CURCUMINYL GLUTAROYL TRIPEPTIDE-7

4.0

A hybrid ingredient that pairs curcumin's antioxidant power with a peptide to calm and brighten skin, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

semi-synthetic

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Antioxidant

Curry Leaf Stem Extract

MURRAYA KOENIGII STEM EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich plant extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Custard Apple Juice

ANONA RETICULATA JUICE

3.5

A gentle, antioxidant-rich fruit juice that may help soothe and protect skin, but research is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cyanobacteria Extract

ANABAENA FLOSAQUAE/APHANIZOMENON FLOSAQUAE/COELOSPHAERIUM KUETZINGIANUM/MICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA/OSCILLATORIA PRINCEPS EXTRACT

3.8

A blend of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) that may offer antioxidant and soothing benefits, but research on this specific mix is limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Soothing Agent

Cyanocobalamin

Cyanocobalamin

4.0

Cyanocobalamin is a gentle, synthetic vitamin B12 that helps calm redness and support skin barrier function, making it a good option for sensitive or irritated skin.

Irritation

low

Source

synthetic

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Antioxidant

Cyathea Cumingii Leaf Extract

CYATHEA CUMINGII LEAF EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich fern extract that may help calm skin and fight free radicals, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cyathusal A

Cyathusal A

3.5

Cyathusal A is a plant compound with early research suggesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits, but it is not yet widely studied or common in commercial skincare.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cyathusal B

Cyathusal B

3.5

Cyathusal B is an emerging fungal-derived antioxidant with early research suggesting anti-inflammatory benefits, but human studies are lacking.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cyclanthera Pedata Fruit Extract

CYCLANTHERA PEDATA FRUIT EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich fruit extract that may help calm skin and fight environmental stress, though research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cyclocarya Paliurus Leaf Extract

CYCLOCARYA PALIURUS LEAF EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, plant-derived antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still early and mostly lab-based.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cyclopia Intermedia Leaf Extract

CYCLOPIA INTERMEDIA LEAF EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical extract that helps protect skin from environmental stress and may calm irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cyclopia Subternata Extract

CYCLOPIA SUBTERNATA FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACT

4.0

A gentle, antioxidant-rich botanical extract that helps protect skin from environmental stress and may calm irritation.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cymbidium Goeringii Extract

CYMBIDIUM GOERINGII EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle orchid extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, but research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cymbidium Kanran Extract

CYMBIDIUM KANRAN EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich orchid extract that may help calm skin and fight environmental stress, though human studies are limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cymbidium Orchid Bulb Extract

CYMBIDIUM GREAT FLOWER BULB EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich orchid bulb extract that may help soothe and protect skin, but research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cymbidium Orchid Extract

CYMBIDIUM SINENSE EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich orchid extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cymbidium Orchid Flower Extract

Cymbidium Grandiflorum Flower Extract

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich orchid extract that may help soothe and protect skin, but research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cymbidium Orchid Leaf Extract

CYMBIDIUM GREAT FLOWER LEAF EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, antioxidant-rich orchid leaf extract that may help soothe and protect skin, but research is still emerging.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cymbidium Orchid Root Extract

CYMBIDIUM GRANDIFLORUM ROOT EXTRACT

3.8

A gentle, plant-based antioxidant that may help protect skin from environmental stress, though research is still early.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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Antioxidant

Cymbidium Orchid Stem Extract

CYMBIDIUM LUCKY FLOWER STEM EXTRACT

3.5

A gentle, antioxidant-rich orchid extract that may help protect skin from environmental stress, but research is still limited.

Irritation

low

Source

natural

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