Ingredient review
Shark Liver Oil
INCI: SQUALENE (from shark liver oil)
Shark liver oil is a rich source of squalene, a natural emollient that hydrates and protects skin, but ethical and sustainability concerns have led many brands to switch to plant-based alternatives.
In plain English
Shark liver oil is a fatty oil taken from the livers of deep-sea sharks. It's packed with squalene, a substance your skin naturally produces to stay soft and smooth. In skincare, it works like a gentle moisturizer that also helps shield your skin from damage. Because harvesting it raises environmental concerns, many companies now use squalene from olives or sugarcane instead.
Review score
Safety, usefulness, and evidence
Potentially useful with some tradeoffs
The evidence base is useful, but some claims depend heavily on the formula.
Risk flags are low for most users, though the finished product can still irritate.
- Source
- natural
- Evidence
- moderate
- Irritation
- low
- Clogging risk
- low
Quick decision guide
Useful, but context matters
Shark Liver Oil is generally a lower-concern ingredient when the full formula suits your skin.
Plain-English read
Treat this as a practical screening step before you compare products that contain this ingredient.
- Step 1Start with the score, then check the irritation and clogging risk before judging Shark Liver Oil.
- Step 2Use the "Best for" and "Use caution if" sections to match the ingredient to your skin, not just to a marketing claim.
- Step 3If a product stings, breaks you out, or worsens irritation, judge the finished formula and stop using it even if the ingredient scores well.
Score terms in plain English
Irritation risk
lowLess likely to sting, burn, or bother most users, though sensitive skin can still react.
Clogging risk
lowLess likely to feel heavy or contribute to clogged pores for most skin types.
Evidence level
moderateThere is useful support, but formula details and claim strength still matter.
What it is
Shark liver oil is a natural oil extracted from the livers of deep-sea sharks, primarily containing squalene (a hydrocarbon) and other fatty acids. Squalene is a key component of human sebum, making it highly compatible with skin.
How it works
When applied to skin, shark liver oil's squalene penetrates easily, replenishing the skin's natural lipid barrier. It acts as an emollient, softening and smoothing the skin, and as an antioxidant, helping to neutralize free radicals that can cause premature aging.
Pros
Excellent moisturizer
Shark liver oil is rich in squalene, which mimics your skin's natural oils, providing deep hydration without clogging pores.
Antioxidant protection
It helps protect skin from oxidative stress caused by pollution and UV exposure, potentially slowing signs of aging.
Cons and cautions
Ethical concerns
Harvesting shark liver oil can contribute to overfishing and harm shark populations, making it a less sustainable choice.
Allergen risk
Though rare, people with fish allergies may experience irritation or allergic reactions when using products containing shark liver oil.
Best for
- People with dry or dehydrated skin
- Those looking for a lightweight, non-comedogenic moisturizer
Use caution if
- Individuals with known allergies to fish or shark products
- Vegans or those concerned with animal-derived ingredients
Usage tips
Safety summary
Shark liver oil is considered safe for topical use with low irritation and comedogenic risk. However, ethical sourcing and potential allergens are important considerations.
Research notes
Research supports squalene's role as an effective moisturizer and antioxidant, but most studies focus on plant-derived squalane. Evidence specific to shark liver oil is limited but consistent with squalene's known benefits.
Common label clues
- Typical concentration
- 1-10% in leave-on products
- Regulatory status
- Generally recognized as safe for cosmetic use in the US and EU, but subject to sustainability regulations in some regions.
- Common uses
- Moisturizers, Anti-aging creams, Lip balms
- Environmental note
- Shark liver oil production raises significant ecological concerns due to overfishing of deep-sea sharks. Plant-derived squalane is a widely available, eco-friendly alternative.
Good to know
- Shark liver oil is often refined to produce squalene, which is then hydrogenated into squalane for greater stability.
- Many brands now label 'squalane' as plant-derived to indicate a more sustainable source.
Common questions
What is Shark Liver Oil in beauty products?
Shark liver oil is a fatty oil taken from the livers of deep-sea sharks. It's packed with squalene, a substance your skin naturally produces to stay soft and smooth. In skincare, it works like a gentle moisturizer that also helps shield your skin from damage. Because harvesting it raises environmental concerns, many companies now use squalene from olives or sugarcane instead.
What does Shark Liver Oil do in a beauty product?
When applied to skin, shark liver oil's squalene penetrates easily, replenishing the skin's natural lipid barrier. It acts as an emollient, softening and smoothing the skin, and as an antioxidant, helping to neutralize free radicals that can cause premature aging.
Is Shark Liver Oil safe for most people?
Shark liver oil is considered safe for topical use with low irritation and comedogenic risk. However, ethical sourcing and potential allergens are important considerations.
Who should be careful with Shark Liver Oil?
Individuals with known allergies to fish or shark products Vegans or those concerned with animal-derived ingredients
Research sources
Ingredient reviews are educational and are not medical advice. Patch test new products and ask a licensed clinician about persistent irritation, allergies, pregnancy-specific questions, or diagnosed skin conditions.