Ingredient review
Iron Oxide (Black)
INCI: CI 77489
A safe, non-irritating black mineral pigment that adds color to makeup and skincare without clogging pores.
In plain English
CI 77489 is a black iron oxide pigment. It's a natural mineral that's ground into a fine powder and used to give color to makeup like foundation, eyeliner, and lipstick. It's very stable, doesn't fade easily, and is considered safe for most skin types, including sensitive skin.
Review score
Safety, usefulness, and evidence
Strong fit for many routines
The evidence base is relatively strong for its common cosmetic role.
Risk flags are low for most users, though the finished product can still irritate.
- Source
- natural
- Evidence
- strong
- Irritation
- low
- Clogging risk
- low
Quick decision guide
Easy yes for most routines
Iron Oxide (Black) is generally a lower-concern ingredient when the full formula suits your skin.
Plain-English read
Treat this as a practical screening step before you compare products that contain this ingredient.
- Step 1Start with the score, then check the irritation and clogging risk before judging Iron Oxide (Black).
- Step 2Use the "Best for" and "Use caution if" sections to match the ingredient to your skin, not just to a marketing claim.
- Step 3If a product stings, breaks you out, or worsens irritation, judge the finished formula and stop using it even if the ingredient scores well.
Score terms in plain English
Irritation risk
lowLess likely to sting, burn, or bother most users, though sensitive skin can still react.
Clogging risk
lowLess likely to feel heavy or contribute to clogged pores for most skin types.
Evidence level
strongThere is a stronger practical or research basis for the ingredient role described here.
What it is
A black iron oxide (FeO·Fe₂O₃) pigment, a naturally occurring mineral that is mined and processed for use in cosmetics. It is one of several iron oxides approved for use as colorants in personal care products.
How it works
It works by physically reflecting and absorbing light to create a black color. When dispersed in a product's base (like a cream or powder), it tints the formula to achieve the desired shade. It does not chemically react with the skin.
Pros
Very safe for skin
Iron oxides are among the most thoroughly tested and safest colorants used in cosmetics. They rarely cause irritation or allergic reactions, even on sensitive skin.
Does not clog pores
Unlike some organic pigments, iron oxides are non-comedogenic, meaning they won't block pores or contribute to breakouts. This makes them ideal for foundations and concealers for acne-prone skin.
Cons and cautions
Can stain fabrics
Because it's a fine, intense black powder, it can easily transfer and stain clothing, towels, or bedding if not set properly with powder or a setting spray.
May leave a temporary tint on skin
If not thoroughly removed with a good cleanser or makeup remover, the pigment can leave a faint gray or black residue on the skin, especially around the eyes.
Best for
- Anyone looking for a safe, non-irritating black pigment in makeup
- People with sensitive or acne-prone skin who want color without irritation
Use caution if
- Those with a known allergy to iron oxides (extremely rare)
- People who prefer only plant-based colorants (iron oxides are mineral)
Usage tips
Safety summary
CI 77489 (black iron oxide) is considered one of the safest cosmetic colorants. It has a very low potential for irritation, sensitization, or toxicity. Regulatory bodies worldwide approve its use in all types of cosmetics, including those for the eye area.
Research notes
Extensive safety reviews by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) panel and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) have concluded that iron oxides are safe for use in cosmetics at current concentrations. No significant health risks have been identified.
Common label clues
- Typical concentration
- 0.1% to 5% or more, depending on desired shade depth
- Regulatory status
- Approved as a color additive for cosmetics in the US (FDA), EU (EC), and many other countries. It is listed under CI 77489 in the EU CosIng database and is generally recognized as safe for use in all cosmetic products, including those applied around the eyes.
- Common uses
- Foundations, Concealers, Eyeliners, Mascaras, Lipsticks, Blushes, Pressed powders
- Environmental note
- Iron oxides are naturally abundant minerals. Mining and processing have some environmental impact, but they are not considered persistent pollutants and are generally safe for aquatic life at typical cosmetic concentrations.
Good to know
- CI 77489 is one of several iron oxide colorants approved by the FDA for use in cosmetics (including around the eyes).
- It is often combined with other iron oxides (yellow, red) to create a wide range of skin-tone shades.
- Unlike some black pigments derived from coal tar, iron oxides are mineral-based and considered very safe.
Common questions
What is Iron Oxide (Black) in beauty products?
CI 77489 is a black iron oxide pigment. It's a natural mineral that's ground into a fine powder and used to give color to makeup like foundation, eyeliner, and lipstick. It's very stable, doesn't fade easily, and is considered safe for most skin types, including sensitive skin.
What does Iron Oxide (Black) do in a beauty product?
It works by physically reflecting and absorbing light to create a black color. When dispersed in a product's base (like a cream or powder), it tints the formula to achieve the desired shade. It does not chemically react with the skin.
Is Iron Oxide (Black) safe for most people?
CI 77489 (black iron oxide) is considered one of the safest cosmetic colorants. It has a very low potential for irritation, sensitization, or toxicity. Regulatory bodies worldwide approve its use in all types of cosmetics, including those for the eye area.
Who should be careful with Iron Oxide (Black)?
Those with a known allergy to iron oxides (extremely rare) People who prefer only plant-based colorants (iron oxides are mineral)
Research sources
Ingredient reviews are educational and are not medical advice. Patch test new products and ask a licensed clinician about persistent irritation, allergies, pregnancy-specific questions, or diagnosed skin conditions.